Cited by 253Muscle metabolism and nutritionProtein Hydrolysis and Bioactive PeptidesRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

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Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Responses Depend on the Rate of Appearance of Amino Acids after Ingestion of Different Protein Solutions in Humans

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Calbet, Jose A.L., MacLean, Dave A.·2002·The Journal of Nutrition

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Abstract

To find out whether the hormonal response to feeding with protein solutions is influenced by the nature and degree of protein fractionation, we examined insulin and glucagon responses after intake of protein solutions containing the same amount of nitrogen (2.9 g each) in three men and three women. Four test meals (600 mL) [glucose (419 kJ/L), pea (PPH) and whey peptide hydrolysates (WPH) (921 and 963 kJ/L, respectively) and a cow's milk solution (MS) containing complete milk proteins (2763 kJ/L)] were tested. Peptide hydrolysates elicited a faster increase in venous plasma amino acids than did MS (P < 0.05). Despite the higher carbohydrate content of the MS, the peptide hydrolysates elicited a peak insulin response that was two and four times greater than that evoked by the MS and glucose solutions, respectively (P < 0.05). The insulin response was closely related to the increase in plasma amino acids, especially leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine and arginine, regardless of the rate of gastric emptying. The three protein solutions elicited similar increases of plasma glucagon; however, the response was fastest for both peptide hydrolysates (P < 0.05) and more prolonged for the MS (P < 0.05). The glucagon response was linearly related to the increase in plasma amino acids, regardless of the rate of gastric emptying or meal composition (r = 0.93, r = 0.96 and r = 0.78, all P < 0.05, for the PPH, WPH and MS). Among the plasma amino acids, tyrosine (r = 0.82-0.98, P < 0.05) and methionine (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) were most closely related to the plasma glucagon response. This study shows that the glucagon response to feeding with protein solutions depends on the increase in plasma amino acid concentrations. The combined administration of glucose and peptide hydrolysates stimulates a synergistic release of insulin, regardless of the protein source.

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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to: flavonoids and ascorbic acid in fruit juices, including berry juices (ID 1186); flavonoids from citrus (ID 1471); flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad. (ID 3324, 3325); flavonoids (ID 1470, 1693, 1920); flavonoids in cranberry juice (ID 1804); carotenoids (ID 1496, 1621, 1622, 1796); polyphenols (ID 1636, 1637, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643); rye bread (ID 1179); protein hydrolysate (ID 1646); carbohydrates with a low/reduced glycaemic load (ID 476, 477, 478, 479, 602) and carbohydrates which induce a low/reduced glycaemic response (ID 727, 1122, 1171); alfalfa (ID 1361, 2585, 2722, 2793); caffeinated carbohydrate‐containing energy drinks (ID 1272); and soups (ID 1132, 1133) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
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Authors: Calbet, J. A. L., & MacLean, D. A.
Affiliations: Rigshospitalet (DK)
Corresponding author: MacLean, Dave A.
Venue: The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 132
Issue: 8
Pages: 2174-2182
ISSN: 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.8.2174
OpenAlex: W1948943222
Semantic Scholar: 863d3d3661a865f3a8c14bbe2cc4e46a41820d21
Cited by: 253
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 1.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 7498 d)
Locations: Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: glucagon, insulin, plasma amino acids, protein hydrolysates, pea protein hydrolysate, cow's milk protein, protein fractionation, gastric emptying, tyrosine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, L-arginine
MeSH terms: Insulin Secretion, Adult, Amino Acids, Dietary Proteins, Female, Glucagon, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Reference Values, Solutions

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Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Responses Depend on the Rate of Appearance of Amino Acids after Ingestion of Different Protein Solutions in Humans

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