The Economics of Food Fortification
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This paper summarizes some of the literature on the cost effectiveness and cost benefit of food fortification with selected micronutrients most relevant for developing countries. Micronutrients covered include iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc. The main focus is on commercial fortification, although home fortification and biofortification are mentioned. Fortification with iron, vitamin A, and zinc averts significant numbers of infant and child deaths and is a very attractive preventive health-care intervention. Fortification with iron, iodine, and potentially zinc provides significant economic benefits and the low unit cost of food fortification ensures large benefit:cost ratios, with effects via cognition being very important for iron and iodine. Fortification will not reach all individuals and is most attractive as an investment where there is a convenient food vehicle, where processing is more centralized, and where either the deficiency is widespread or the adverse effects are very costly even though only a small group is affected.
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Food fortification is widely recognized as an effective strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and improve public health.
“Food fortification is widely recognized as an effective strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and improve public health (Horton, 2006;Prajapati P., 2024).”
From Cassava (<i>Manihot Esculenta</i>) Chips Fortified with Sagip Nutri Powder (2026) · cites this paper as Horton, 2006
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Assessing Alternative Industrial Fortification Portfolios: A Bangladesh Case Study
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Reducing dietary salt intake and preventing iodine deficiency: towards a common public health agenda
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- Authors
- Horton, S.
- Affiliations
- Wilfrid Laurier University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Horton, Sue
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1068-1071
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1946220486
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- food fortification, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit analysis, micronutrients, iron, iodine, vitamin A, zinc, infant and child mortality, home fortification, biofortification, cognitive effects, developing countries, public health investment
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Developing Countries, Food, Fortified, Humans, Iodine, Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, Micronutrients
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