The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Body Size, and Colon Cancer in Women
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity and high body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters) have been linked to increased risk of colon cancer. However, none of the few prospective studies in women has shown a statistically significant reduction in colon cancer incidence or mortality associated with increased leisure-time physical activity. PURPOSE: In this prospective study, we asked whether leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, or body fat distribution could significantly influence the risk of colon cancer in women. METHODS: The participants in this study were enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, which began in 1976. Every 2 years, the women provided additional personal information and information on medical risk factors and major medical events. The time spent per week at a variety of leisure-time physical activities was determined, and the time spent at each activity was multiplied by its typical energy expenditure, expressed in terms of metabolic equivalents or METs. The resulting values for each woman were added to yield an MET-hours-per-week score. Reported diagnoses of colon cancer were confirmed by review of hospital records and pathology reports. Relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses that included body mass index, women who expended more than 21 MET-hours per week on leisure-time physical activity had a relative risk of colon cancer of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-0.90) in comparison with women who expended less than 2 MET-hours per week. Women who had a body mass index greater than 29 kg/m2 had a relative risk of colon cancer of 1.45 (95% CI = 1.02-2.07) in comparison with women who had a body mass index less than 21 kg/m2. A tendency toward higher colon cancer risk was observed for increasing waist-to-hip ratio (relative risk = 1.48 [95% CI = 0.88-2.49] for comparison of the highest quintile ratio [>0.833] to the lowest [<0.728]). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The significant inverse association between leisure-time physical activity and incidence of colon cancer in women in this study is consistent with what has been found in men. Recommendations to increase physical activity and maintain lean body weight should receive greater emphasis as part of a feasible approach to the prevention of colon cancer.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Physical activity reduces the risk of breast and colon cancers and may reduce the risk of several other types of cancer.109 -113”
In the citing paper
“Moderate to vigorous activity for at least 45 minutes on 5 or more days per week may further reduce the risk of breast and colon cancers and also may reduce the risk of kidney, endometrial, and esophageal cancers.110,111,113,119,120”
In the citing paper
“For breast cancer, vigorous physical activity may decrease the exposure of breast tissue to circulating ovarian hormones.”
Citations
Cites
Beckett, A. H., Rowland, M., & TURNER, P. (1965) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91037-8 · Cited by 16,917
Compendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011 · Cited by 4,102
Relation of Body Fat Distribution to Metabolic Complications of Obesity*
KISSEBAH, A. H., VYDELINGUM, N., MURRAY, R., EVANS, D. J., KALKHOFF, R. K., & ADAMS, P. W. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-2-254 · Cited by 1,909
Krotkiewski, M., Björntorp, P. A., Sjöström, L., & Smith, U. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111040 · Cited by 1,475
Boring, C. C., Squires, T. S., Tong, T., & Montgomery, S. (1994) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.44.1.7 · Cited by 1,313
Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women
Lew, E. A., & Garfinkel, L. (1979) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(79)90119-x · Cited by 1,169
Metabolic Implications of Body Fat Distribution
Björntorp, P. A. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.12.1132 · Cited by 1,056
Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire
WOLF, A. M., HUNTER, D. J., COLDITZ, G. A., MANSON, J. E., STAMPFER, M. J., CORSANO, K. A., ROSNER, B., KRISKA, A., & WILLETT, W. C. (1994) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/23.5.991 · Cited by 1,038
Self-citationValidity of Self-Reported Waist and Hip Circumferences in Men and Women
Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Chute, C. G., Litin, L. B., & Willett, W. C. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199011000-00009 · Cited by 1,015
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Peters, 1989, Cancer Research, 49, 5459
- 1989, 63, 1838
- 1988, International Journal of Epidemiology, 7, 743
- Ballard-Barbash, 1990, Cancer Research, 50, 3610
- 1994, CHUNG KUO I HSUEH KO HSUEH YUAN HSUEH PAO, 16, 63
- 1989, American Journal of Epidemiology, 130, 675, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115389 · DOI
- Phillips, 1985, JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 74, 307
- Nomura, 1985, JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 74, 319
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. H. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88 · Cited by 3,855
Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., Bandera, E. V., McCullough, M., Gansler, T., Andrews, K. S., Thun, M. J., & The American Cancer Society 2006 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2006) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.56.5.254 · Cited by 1,901
Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis
Holmes, M. D. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.20.2479 · Cited by 1,772
Self-citationReeves, G. K., Pirie, K., Beral, V., Green, J., Spencer, E., & Bull, D. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.ae · Cited by 1,507
American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention
Kushi, L. H., Doyle, C., McCullough, M. L., Rock, C. L., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Bandera, E. V., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Andrews, K. S., & Gansler, T. S. (2012) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20140 · Cited by 1,399
Metadata
- Authors
- Martinez, M. E., Giovannucci, E., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., Hunter, D. J., & Colditz, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Colditz, G. A.
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-07-02
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 948-955
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2101675272
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- leisure-time physical activity, colon cancer, body mass index, body fat distribution, waist-to-hip ratio, women, cancer risk, energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, colon cancer prevention, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Constitution, Body Weight, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Middle Aged, Risk, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Women's Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
