The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Combining Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy: A Paradigm Shift
Open accessAbstract
The therapeutic application of ionizing radiation has been largely based on its cytocidal power combined with the ability to selectively target tumors. Radiotherapy effects on survival of cancer patients are generally interpreted as the consequence of improved local control of the tumor, directly decreasing systemic spread. Experimental data from multiple cancer models have provided sufficient evidence to propose a paradigm shift, whereby some of the effects of ionizing radiation are recognized as contributing to systemic antitumor immunity. Recent examples of objective responses achieved by adding radiotherapy to immunotherapy in metastatic cancer patients support this view. Therefore, the traditional palliative role of radiotherapy in metastatic disease is evolving into that of a powerful adjuvant for immunotherapy. This combination strategy adds to the current anticancer arsenal and offers opportunities to harness the immune system to extend survival, even among metastatic and heavily pretreated cancer patients. We briefly summarize key evidence supporting the role of radiotherapy as an immune adjuvant. A critical appraisal of the current status of knowledge must include potential immunosuppressive effects of radiation that can hamper its capacity to convert the irradiated tumor into an in situ, individualized vaccine. Moreover, we discuss some of the current challenges to translate this knowledge to the clinic as more trials testing radiation with different immunotherapies are proposed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 · Cited by 66,590
The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Pardoll, D. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3239 · Cited by 13,838
Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Kantoff, P. W., Higano, C. S., Shore, N. D., Berger, E. R., Small, E. J., Penson, D. F., Redfern, C. H., Ferrari, A. C., Dreicer, R., Sims, R. B., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001294 · Cited by 5,572
Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death
Obeid, M., Tesniere, A., Ghiringhelli, F., Fimia, G. M., Apetoh, L., Perfettini, J.-L., Castedo, M., Mignot, G., Panaretakis, T., Casares, N., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1523 · Cited by 3,216
Apetoh, L., Ghiringhelli, F., Tesniere, A., Obeid, M., Ortiz, C., Criollo, A., Mignot, G., Maiuri, M. C., Ullrich, E., Saulnier, P., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1622 · Cited by 3,056 · cited 1×
“For instance, data suggest that patients carrying a Toll-like receptor 4 loss-of-function allele that cannot bind to HMGB1 have a worse outcome after chemotherapy and radiation (23).”
BackgroundGhiringhelli, F., Apetoh, L., Tesniere, A., Aymeric, L., Ma, Y., Ortiz, C., Vermaelen, K., Panaretakis, T., Mignot, G., Ullrich, E., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2028 · Cited by 1,898
Interferons, immunity and cancer immunoediting
Dunn, G. P., Koebel, C. M., & Schreiber, R. D. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1961 · Cited by 1,617
The DNA damage pathway regulates innate immune system ligands of the NKG2D receptor
Gasser, S., Orsulic, S., Brown, E. J., & Raulet, D. H. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03884 · Cited by 1,308
Cell death modalities: classification and pathophysiological implications
Galluzzi, L., Maiuri, M. C., Vitale, I., Zischka, H., Castedo, M., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G. (2007) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402148 · Cited by 832
Cited by
Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine
Lambin, P., Leijenaar, R. T. H., Deist, T. M., Peerlings, J., de Jong, E. E. C., van Timmeren, J., Sanduleanu, S., Larue, R. T. H. M., Even, A. J. G., Jochems, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.141 · Cited by 5,688
The immune contexture and Immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy
Bruni, D., Angell, H. K., & Galon, J. (2020) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-020-0285-7 · Cited by 1,586
Combination cancer immunotherapies tailored to the tumour microenvironment
Smyth, M. J., Ngiow, S. F., Ribas, A., & Teng, M. W. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.209 · Cited by 944
Sharabi, A. B., Nirschl, C. J., Kochel, C. M., Nirschl, T. R., Francica, B. J., Velarde, E., Deweese, T. L., & Drake, C. G. (2015) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0196 · Cited by 658
Radiation fosters dose-dependent and chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death
Golden, E. B., Frances, D., Pellicciotta, I., Demaria, S., Helen Barcellos-Hoff, M., & Formenti, S. C. (2014) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.4161/onci.28518 · Cited by 624
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Formenti, S. C., & Demaria, S.
- Venue
- JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-01-04
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 256-265
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2140828776
- Cited by
- 1,053
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 43.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Combining Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy: A Paradigm Shift. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/jnci/djs629
- The paper
- Formenti, S. C., & Demaria, S. (2013). Combining Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy: A Paradigm Shift. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs629
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
