Candida isolates causing candidemia show different degrees of virulence in Galleria mellonella
Abstract
We aim to assess intra- and interspecies differences in the virulence of Candida spp. strains causing candidemia using the invertebrate Galleria mellonella model. We studied 739 Candida spp. isolates (C. albicans [n = 373], C. parapsilosis [n = 203], C. glabrata [n = 92], C. tropicalis [n = 53], and C. krusei [n = 18]) collected from patients with candidemia admitted to Gregorio Marañon Hospital (Madrid, Spain). Species-specific infecting inocula (yeast cells/larva) were adjusted (5 × 105 [C. albicans, and C. tropicalis], 2 × 106–5 × 106 [C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei]) and used to infect 10 larvae per isolate; percentage of survival and median survival per isolate were calculated. According to the interquartile range of the median survival, isolates with a median survival under P25 were classified as of high-virulence and isolates with a median survival over P75 as of low virulence. The median survival of larvae infected with different species was variable: C. albicans (n = 2 days, IQR <1−3 days), C. tropicalis (n = 2 days, IQR 1.5−4 days), C. parapsilosis (n = 2 days, IQR 2−3.5 days), C. glabrata (n = 3 days, IQR 2−3 days), and C. krusei (n = 7 days, 6.5−>8 days) (P < .001). Differences in virulence among species were validated by histological examination (day +1 post-infection) in the larvae infected by the isolates of each virulence category and species. Virulence-related gene expression in C. albicans isolates did not reach statistical significance. We report species-specific virulence patterns of Candida spp. and show that isolates within a given species have different degrees of virulence in the animal model.
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The atp1Δ/Δ mutant was unable to form hyphae to induce inflammatory response in G. mellonella treated with a high dose of C. albicans cells (5 × 105 CFU per larva), and it also failed to induce excessive transcription of hyphae-specific proinflammatory cytokines in mouse kidneys.
“The atp1Δ/Δ mutant was unable to form hyphae to induce inflammatory response in the G. mellonella treated with a high dose of C. albicans cells (5 × 105 CFU per larva [42]), and it also failed to induce excessive transcription of hyphae-specific proinflammatory cytokines [7,11] in the mouse kidneys”
From The F <sub>1</sub> F <sub>o</sub> -ATP synthase α subunit of <i>Candida albicans</i> induces inflammatory responses by controlling amino acid catabolism (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
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<i>Candida albicans</i> pathogenicity mechanisms
Mayer, F. L., Wilson, D., & Hube, B. (2013) · Virulence · doi:10.4161/viru.22913 · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works
Rajendran, R., Sherry, L., Nile, C. J., Sherriff, A., Johnson, E. M., Hanson, M. F., Williams, C., Munro, C. A., Jones, B. J., & Ramage, G. (2016) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.018 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
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Li, S., Liu, Y., Weng, L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, X., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2023.2190645 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A lethal dose of WT (5 × 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)) [42] or atp1∆/∆ (5 × 10(5) CFU) or 100 μl NS was injected into the haemocoel of larvae through the last proleg.”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Marcos-Zambrano, L. J., Bordallo-Cardona, M. Á., Borghi, E., Falleni, M., Tosi, D., Muñoz, P., Escribano, P., & Guinea, J.
- Affiliations
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Guinea, Jesús
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medical Mycology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-03-15
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-92
- ISSN
- 0268-1218 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-3786
- 1460-2709
- OpenAlex
- W2920829599
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Medical Mycology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- candidemia, Galleria mellonella, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, invertebrate infection model, larval survival
- MeSH terms
- Candida parapsilosis, Animals, Candida, Candida albicans, Humans, Larva, Lepidoptera, Moths, Spain, Virulence, Biofilms, Models, Animal, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candidemia
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