Cited by 1,848Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal and yeast genetics researchFungal Infections and Studies

Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms

Open access
Mayer, François L., Wilson, Duncan, Hube, Bernhard·2013·Virulence

Abstract

The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a member of the normal human microbiome. In most individuals, C. albicans resides as a lifelong, harmless commensal. Under certain circumstances, however, C. albicans can cause infections that range from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Several factors and activities have been identified which contribute to the pathogenic potential of this fungus. Among them are molecules which mediate adhesion to and invasion into host cells, the secretion of hydrolases, the yeast-to-hypha transition, contact sensing and thigmotropism, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching and a range of fitness attributes. Our understanding of when and how these mechanisms and factors contribute to infection has significantly increased during the last years. In addition, novel virulence mechanisms have recently been discovered. In this review we present an update on our current understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of this important human pathogen.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.4161/viru.22913

Cites

136 of 136 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The link between mitochondrial respiration and pathogenicity in C. albicans is well established.

    “The link between mitochondrial respiration and pathogenicity in C. albicans is well established, and the capability of adapting cellular metabolism to different stress conditions is an important aspect of this connection (Mayer et al. 2013; Sun et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2023).”

    From Mitochondrial retrograde control of transcription evolves with respiratory stress, metabolic adaptation, and virulence in budding yeasts (2026) · cites this paper as Mayer et al. 2013

    The Metabolic adaptation section links metabolic flexibility and responses to changing host conditions with C. albicans virulence. It does not establish the more specific claimed link between mitochondrial respiration and pathogenicity; searches for mitochondrial respiration and the respiratory chain found no passage addressing it. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • The capability of adapting cellular metabolism to different stress conditions is an important aspect of the connection between mitochondrial respiration and pathogenicity in C. albicans.

    “The link between mitochondrial respiration and pathogenicity in C. albicans is well established, and the capability of adapting cellular metabolism to different stress conditions is an important aspect of this connection (Mayer et al. 2013; Sun et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2023).”

    From Mitochondrial retrograde control of transcription evolves with respiratory stress, metabolic adaptation, and virulence in budding yeasts (2026) · cites this paper as Mayer et al. 2013

    The Metabolic adaptation section says that metabolic flexibility helps C. albicans withstand hostile host conditions and that adaptation to alternative nutrient sources can increase virulence. The Environmental stress response section also links stress adaptation to virulence. Neither section establishes the claimed connection specifically with mitochondrial respiration; the only mitochondrial mention found concerns a heat-shock protein, not respiration. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Lipase activity has been detected and shown to be involved in the pathogenicity of yeasts such as Candida, Cryptococcus, or Malassezia species.

    “Besides this, lipase activity has been detected and shown to be involved in the pathogenicity of yeasts such as Candida, Cryptococcus, or Malassezia species (Mayer et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013; Sommer et al. 2016).”

    From Biocontrol yeasts: mechanisms and applications (2019) · cites this paper as Mayer et al. 2013

    The “Secreted hydrolases” section reports that Candida albicans has secreted lipases and that a lipase-8 mutant had reduced virulence in a mouse model, supporting a role in pathogenicity. The cited paper does not establish the claim for Cryptococcus or Malassezia; the retrieved passages address Candida albicans only. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Ruhnke M. Skin and mucous membrane infections. In: Calderone RA, ed. Candida and Candidiasis: ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 307-325., 2002.
  2. Zordan R, Cormack B. Adhesins on Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens. In: Calderone RA, Clancy, C.J., ed. Candida and Candidiasis: ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 243-259, 2012.
  3. Brown AJP, Haynes K, Gow NAR, Quinn J. Stress Responses in Candida . In: Calderone RA, Clancy, C.J., ed. Candida and Candidiasis: ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 225-242., 2012.

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Authors
Mayer, F. L., Wilson, D., & Hube, B.
Affiliations
  • Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Knöll-Institut (HKI) (DE)
  • Jena University Hospital (DE)
Corresponding author
Hube, Bernhard
Venue
Virulence
Published
2013-02-15
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
119-128
ISSN
  • 2150-5594 (ISSN-L)
  • 2150-5608
OpenAlex
W2144035662
Cited by
1,848
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 99 · 2025: 162 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 180 · 2022: 195 · 2021: 189 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 156 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 30
FWCI
11.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Virulence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (01EO1002)
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01EO1002)
  • International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions
  • Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
  • Center for Sepsis Control and Care (BMBF 01EO1002, 01EO1002)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords
Candida albicans, fungal pathogenicity, virulence factors, host cell invasion, yeast-to-hypha transition, tactile sensing, thigmotropism, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching, commensal to pathogen transition, systemic candidiasis, superficial fungal infections
MeSH terms
Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Humans, Virulence Factors

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