The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Common-red-signal analysis with 24-yr high-precision timing of the European Pulsar Timing Array: inferences in the stochastic gravitational-wave background search
Open accessAbstract
We present results from the search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) as predicted by the theory of General Relativity using six radio millisecond pulsars from the Data Release 2 (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) covering a timespan up to 24 yr. A GWB manifests itself as a long-term low-frequency stochastic signal common to all pulsars, a common red signal (CRS), with the characteristic Hellings-Downs (HD) spatial correlation. Our analysis is performed with two independent pipelines, ENTERPRISE, and TEMPONEST+FORTYTWO, which produce consistent results. A search for a CRS with simultaneous estimation of its spatial correlations yields spectral properties compatible with theoretical GWB predictions, but does not result in the required measurement of the HD correlation, as required for GWB detection. Further Bayesian model comparison between different types of CRSs, including a GWB, finds the most favoured model to be the common uncorrelated red noise described by a power law with $A = 5.13_{-2.73}^{+4.20} \times 10^{-15}$ and $\gamma = 3.78_{-0.59}^{+0.69}$ (95 per cent credible regions). Fixing the spectral index to γ = 13/3 as expected from the GWB by circular, inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries results in an amplitude of $A =2.95_{-0.72}^{+0.89} \times 10^{-15}$. We implement three different models, BAYESEPHEM, LINIMOSS, and EPHEMGP, to address possible Solar system ephemeris (SSE) systematics and conclude that our results may only marginally depend on these effects. This work builds on the methods and models from the studies on the EPTA DR1. We show that under the same analysis framework the results remain consistent after the data set extension.
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Cited by
Search for an Isotropic Gravitational-wave Background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
Reardon, D. J., Zic, A., Shannon, R. M., Hobbs, G. B., Bailes, M., Di Marco, V., Kapur, A., Rogers, A. F., Thrane, E., Askew, J., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acdd02 · Cited by 1,159
Xu, H., Chen, S., Guo, Y., Jiang, J., Wang, B., Xu, J., Xue, Z., Nicolas Caballero, R., Yuan, J., Xu, Y., et al. (2023) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acdfa5 · Cited by 1,119
Self-citationEPTA Collaboration and InPTA Collaboration:, Antoniadis, J., Arumugam, P., Arumugam, S., Babak, S., Bagchi, M., Bak Nielsen, A.-S., Bassa, C. G., Bathula, A., Berthereau, A., et al. (2023) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346844 · Cited by 1,044
Self-citationDi Valentino, E., Said, J. L., Riess, A., Pollo, A., Poulin, V., Gómez-Valent, A., Weltman, A., Palmese, A., Huang, C. D., Bruck, C. V. D., et al. (2025) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2025.101965 · Cited by 319
EPTA Collaboration and InPTA Collaboration, Antoniadis, J., Arumugam, P., Arumugam, S., Babak, S., Bagchi, M., Bak Nielsen, A.-S., Bassa, C. G., Bathula, A., Berthereau, A., et al. (2024) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347433 · Cited by 283
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, S., Caballero, R. N., Guo, Y. J., Chalumeau, A., Liu, K., Shaifullah, G., Lee, K. J., Babak, S., Desvignes, G., Parthasarathy, A., Hu, H., van der Wateren, E., Antoniadis, J., Bak Nielsen, A.-S., Bassa, C. G., Berthereau, A., Burgay, M., Champion, D. J., Cognard, I., Falxa, M., Ferdman, R. D., Freire, P. C. C., Gair, J. R., Graikou, E., Guillemot, L., Jang, J., Janssen, G. H., Karuppusamy, R., Keith, M. J., Kramer, M., Liu, X. J., Lyne, A. G., Main, R. A., McKee, J. W., Mickaliger, M. B., Perera, B. B. P., Perrodin, D., Petiteau, A., Porayko, N. K., Possenti, A., Samajdar, A., Sanidas, S. A., Sesana, A., Speri, L., Stappers, B. W., Theureau, G., Tiburzi, C., Vecchio, A., Verbiest, J. P. W., Wang, J., Wang, L., & Xu, H.
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-10-27
- Volume
- 508
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 4970-4993
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W3208875364
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 87
- FWCI
- 31.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Chen, S., Caballero, R. N., Guo, Y. J., Chalumeau, A., Liu, K., Shaifullah, G., Lee, K. J., Babak, S., Desvignes, G., Parthasarathy, A., Hu, H., van der Wateren, E., Antoniadis, J., Bak Nielsen, A.-S., Bassa, C. G., Berthereau, A., Burgay, M., Champion, D. J., Cognard, I., . . . Xu, H. (2021). Common-red-signal analysis with 24-yr high-precision timing of the European Pulsar Timing Array: inferences in the stochastic gravitational-wave background search. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2833
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