Expression of catalytic mutants of the mtDNA helicase twinkle and polymerase POLG causes distinct replication stalling phenotypes
Open accessAbstract
The mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication is a subject of intense debate. One model proposes a strand-asynchronous replication in which both strands of the circular genome are replicated semi-independently while the other model proposes both a bidirectional coupled leading- and lagging-strand synthesis mode and a unidirectional mode in which the lagging-strand is initially laid-down as RNA by an unknown mechanism (RITOLS mode). Both the strand-asynchronous and RITOLS model have in common a delayed synthesis of the DNA-lagging strand. Mitochondrial DNA is replicated by a limited set of proteins including DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) and the helicase Twinkle. Here, we report the effects of expression of various catalytically deficient mutants of POLG1 and Twinkle in human cell culture. Both groups of mutants reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number by severe replication stalling. However, the analysis showed that while induction of POLG1 mutants still displayed delayed lagging-strand synthesis, Twinkle-induced stalling resulted in maturated, essentially fully double-stranded DNA intermediates. In the latter case, limited inhibition of POLG with dideoxycytidine restored the delay between leading- and lagging-strand synthesis. The observed cause-effect relationship suggests that Twinkle-induced stalling increases lagging-strand initiation events and/or maturation mimicking conventional strand-coupled replication.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Overexpression of adPEO Twinkle mutations in HEK293 cells causes an accumulation of replication intermediates, suggesting these mutations trigger replication stalling.
“Overexpression of adPEO Twinkle mutations in HEK293 cells cause an accumulation of replication intermediates suggesting that these mutations are triggering replication stalling (Goffart et al., 2009; Wanrooij et al., 2007).”
From Role of the mitochondrial DNA replication machinery in mitochondrial DNA mutagenesis, aging and age-related diseases (2017) · cites this paper as Wanrooij et al., 2007
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome
Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Bruijn, M. H. L., Coulson, A. R., Drouin, J., Eperon, I. C., Nierlich, D. P., Roe, B. A., Sanger, F., et al. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/290457a0 · Cited by 9,640 · see citing works
Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA
Andrews, R. M., Kubacka, I., Chinnery, P. F., Lightowlers, R. N., Turnbull, D. M., & Howell, N. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/13779 · Cited by 3,337 · see citing works
Premature ageing in mice expressing defective mitochondrial DNA polymerase
Trifunovic, A., Wredenberg, A., Falkenberg, M., Spelbrink, J. N., Rovio, A. T., Bruder, C. E., Bohlooly-Y, M., Gidlöf, S., Oldfors, A., Wibom, R., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02517 · Cited by 2,734 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging
Kujoth, G. C., Hiona, A., Pugh, T. D., Someya, S., Panzer, K., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Hofer, T., Seo, A. Y., Sullivan, R., Jobling, W. A., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1112125 · Cited by 2,165 · see citing works
Replication of animal mitochondrial DNA
Clayton, D. A. (1982) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90049-6 · Cited by 1,236 · see citing works
The localization of replication origins on ARS plasmids in S. cerevisiae
Brewer, B. J., & Fangman, W. L. (1987) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90642-8 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Spelbrink, J. N., Li, F.-Y., Tiranti, V., Nikali, K., Yuan, Q.-P., Tariq, M., Wanrooij, S., Garrido, N., Comi, G., Morandi, L., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/90058 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
A replication fork barrier at the 3′ end of yeast ribosomal RNA genes
Brewer, B. J., & Fangman, W. L. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90222-x · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Singleton, M. R., Sawaya, M. R., Ellenberger, T., & Wigley, D. B. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80871-5 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
The single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli
Meyer, R. R., & Laine, P. S. (1990) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.54.4.342-380.1990 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Coupled Leading- and Lagging-Strand Synthesis of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA
Holt, I. J., Lorimer, H. E., & Jacobs, H. T. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80688-1 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
DNA Polymerase γ, The Mitochondrial Replicase
Kaguni, L. S. (2004) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161455 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Reconstitution of a minimal mtDNA replisome in vitro
Korhonen, J. A., Pham, X. H., Pellegrini, M., & Falkenberg, M. (2004) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600257 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Composition and dynamics of human mitochondrial nucleoids.
Garrido, N., Griparić, L., Jokitalo, E., Wartiovaara, J., van der Bliek, A. M., & Spelbrink, J. (2003) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-07-0399 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationOrganization and dynamics of human mitochondrial DNA
Legros, F., Malka, F., Frachon, P., Lombès, A., & Rojo, M. (2004) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.01134 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Tyynismaa, H., Mjosund, K. P., Wanrooij, S., Lappalainen, I., Ylikallio, E., Jalanko, A., Spelbrink, J. N., Paetau, A., & Suomalainen, A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505551102 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Korhonen, J. A., Gaspari, M., & Falkenberg, M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m306981200 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of the Helicase Domain from the Replicative Helicase-Primase of Bacteriophage T7
Sawaya, M. R., Guo, S., Tabor, S., Richardson, C. C., & Ellenberger, T. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81648-7 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Yang, M., Bowmaker, M., Reyes, A., Vergani, L., Angeli, P., Gringeri, E., Jacobs, H. T., & Holt, I. J. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01075-9 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
[46] Analysis of replication intermediates by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis
Friedman, K. L., & Brewer, B. J. (1995) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(95)62048-6 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Polesky, A. H., Steitz, T. A., Grindley, N. D. F., & Joyce, C. M. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77342-0 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Yasukawa, T., Reyes, A., Cluett, T. J., Yang, M., Bowmaker, M., Jacobs, H. T., & Holt, I. J. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601392 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationTwinkle helicase is essential for mtDNA maintenance and regulates mtDNA copy number
Tyynismaa, H., Sembongi, H., Bokori-Brown, M., Granycome, C., Ashley, N., Poulton, J., Jalanko, A., Spelbrink, J. N., Holt, I. J., & Suomalainen, A. (2004) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh342 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Mutant POLG2 Disrupts DNA Polymerase γ Subunits and Causes Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
Longley, M. J., Clark, S., Yu Wai Man, C., Hudson, G., Durham, S. E., Taylor, R. W., Nightingale, S., Turnbull, D. M., Copeland, W. C., & Chinnery, P. F. (2006) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/504303 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Nikali, K., Suomalainen, A., Saharinen, J., Kuokkanen, M., Spelbrink, J. N., Lönnqvist, T. R. I., & Peltonen, L. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi328 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, T. A., Cecconi, C., Tkachuk, A. N., Bustamante, C., & Clayton, D. A. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1352105 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Takamatsu, C., Umeda, S., Ohsato, T., Ohno, T., Abe, Y., Fukuoh, A., Shinagawa, H., Hamasaki, N., & Kang, D. (2002) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf099 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA Replicates Bidirectionally from an Initiation Zone
Bowmaker, M., Yang, M., Yasukawa, T., Reyes, A., Jacobs, H. T., Huberman, J. A., & Holt, I. J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m308028200 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationReplication of Mitochondrial DNA. Circular Replicative Intermediates in Mouse L Cells
Robberson, D. L., Kasamatsu, H., & Vinograd, J. R. (1972) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.69.3.737 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Bacteriophage origins of mitochondrial replication and transcription proteins
Shutt, T. E., & Gray, M. W. (2005) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2005.11.007 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Spelbrink, J. N., Toivonen, J. M., Hakkaart, G. A. J., Kurkela, J. M., Cooper, H. M., Lehtinen, S. K., Lecrenier, N., Back, J. W., Speijer, D., Foury, F., et al. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000559200 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationPolesky, A. H., Dahlberg, M. E., Benkovic, S. J., Grindley, N. D. F., & Joyce, C. M. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42461-1 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
A Bidirectional Origin of Replication Maps to the Major Noncoding Region of Human Mitochondrial DNA
Yasukawa, T., Yang, M., Jacobs, H. T., & Holt, I. J. (2005) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.05.002 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationThe single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli.
Meyer, R. R., & Laine, P. S. (1990) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.54.4.342-380.1990 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Chromosome abnormalities and genetic counseling, 3rd edn
Slavotinek, A. M. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Consequences of mutations in human DNA polymerase γ
Longley, M. J., Graziewicz, M. A., Bienstock, R. J., & Copeland, W. C. (2005) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.029 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Yeast mitochondrial DNA mutators with deficient proofreading exonucleolytic activity.
Foury, F., & Vanderstraeten, S. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05337.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Graziewicz, M. A., Longley, M. J., Bienstock, R. J., Zeviani, M., & Copeland, W. C. (2004) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb805 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Wanrooij, S. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh634 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationCloning of human and rat cDNAs encoding the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)
Tiranti, V., Rocchi, M., DiDonato, S., & Zeviani, M. (1993) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90370-i · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Shutt, T. E., & Gray, M. W. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0162-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Crampton, D. J., Mukherjee, S., & Richardson, C. C. (2006) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.11.027 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Washington, M. T., Rosenberg, A. H., Griffin, K. P., Studier, F. W., & Patel, S. S. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.43.26825 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Vanderstraeten, S., van den Brûle, S., Hu, J., & Foury, F. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.23690 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Guo, S., Tabor, S., & Richardson, C. C. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.42.30303 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Jazayeri, M., Andreyev, A. Y., Will, Y., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m211730200 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Belanger, K. G. (1996) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/24.11.2166 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Murakami, E., Feng, J. Y., Lee, H., Hanes, J. W., Johnson, K. A., & Anderson, K. S. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m306236200 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hu, J., Vanderstraeten, S., & Foury, F. (1995) · Gene · doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00215-r · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Replication of mitochondrial DNA
Gause, G. G., & Dolgilevich, S. M. (1975) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis · doi:10.1016/0005-2787(75)90240-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Viguera, E., Rodríguez, A., Hernández, P., et al. (1998) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00375-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Replication, repair, and recombination of mitochondrial DNA
Spelbrink, J. N. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198508656.003.0001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ER-mitochondria contacts couple mtDNA synthesis with mitochondrial division in human cells
Lewis, S. C., Uchiyama, L. F., & Nunnari, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5549 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Kornblum, C., Nicholls, T. J., Haack, T. B., Schöler, S., Peeva, V., Danhauser, K., Hallmann, K., Zsurka, G., Rorbach, J., Iuso, A., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2501 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
DeBalsi, K. L., Hoff, K. E., & Copeland, W. C. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Milenkovic, D., Matic, S., Kuhl, I., Ruzzenente, B., Freyer, C., Jemt, E., Park, C. B., Falkenberg, M., & Larsson, N.-G. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt051 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Goffart, S., Cooper, H. M., Tyynismaa, H., Wanrooij, S., Suomalainen, A., & Spelbrink, J. N. (2009) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn359 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman mitochondrial DNA helicase TWINKLE is both an unwinding and annealing helicase
Sen, D., Nandakumar, D., Tang, G.-Q., & Patel, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.309468 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pohjoismäki, J. L. O., Goffart, S., Taylor, R. W., Turnbull, D. M., Suomalainen, A., Jacobs, H. T., & Karhunen, P. J. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010426 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPohjoismäki, J. L. O., Williams, S. L., Boettger, T., Goffart, S., Kim, J., Suomalainen, A., Moraes, C. T., & Braun, T. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303046110 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationTorregrosa-Muñumer, R., Goffart, S., Haikonen, J. A., & Pohjoismäki, J. L. O. (2015) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0390 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wanrooij, S., Goffart, S., Pohjoismäki, J. L. O., Yasukawa, T., & Spelbrink, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Tampere University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Spelbrink, Johannes N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-04-22
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3238-3251
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC1904276
- OpenAlex
- W2091937165
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Tampereen Yliopisto
- Muscular Dystrophy UK
- Tays
- Medical Research Council
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- mitochondrial DNA replication, Twinkle helicase, POLG1, DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic mutant, replication fork stalling, lagging strand synthesis, mitochondrial DNA copy number, zalcitabine
- MeSH terms
- DNA Polymerase gamma, Cell Line, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA Replication, DNA Helicases, DNA, Mitochondrial, Humans, Mutation, Phenotype, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Catalytic Domain, Mitochondrial Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review