OrthoDB v9.1: cataloging evolutionary and functional annotations for animal, fungal, plant, archaeal, bacterial and viral orthologs
Open accessAbstract
OrthoDB is a comprehensive catalog of orthologs, genes inherited by extant species from a single gene in their last common ancestor. In 2016 OrthoDB reached its 9th release, growing to over 22 million genes from over 5000 species, now adding plants, archaea and viruses. In this update we focused on usability of this fast-growing wealth of data: updating the user and programmatic interfaces to browse and query the data, and further enhancing the already extensive integration of available gene functional annotations. Collating functional annotations from over 100 resources, and enabled us to propose descriptive titles for 87% of ortholog groups. Additionally, OrthoDB continues to provide computed evolutionary annotations and to allow user queries by sequence homology. The OrthoDB resource now enables users to generate publication-quality comparative genomics charts, as well as to upload, analyze and interactively explore their own private data. OrthoDB is available from http://orthodb.org.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Graph-based methods cluster genes into pairs or groups of orthologs based on pairwise sequence similarity such as reciprocal best alignment hits.
“Graph-based methods cluster genes into pairs or groups of orthologs based on pairwise sequence similarity such as (reciprocal) best alignment hits (8–12).”
From Integrating gene annotation with orthology inference at scale (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The Algorithm and Software section (page unavailable) says OrthoDB clusters genes into ortholog groups after Smith–Waterman assessments of gene homology. It does not specify graph-based clustering or reciprocal best alignment hits; searches for those terms found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Federhen, S. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1178 · Cited by 1,436 · see citing works
The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
The Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, Elsik, C. G., Tellam, R. L., Worley, K. C., Gibbs, R. A., Muzny, D. M., Weinstock, G. M., Adelson, D. L., Eichler, E. E., Elnitski, L., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169588 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 32
- [1]Koonin E.V. Orthologs, paralogs and evolutionary genomics Annu. Rev. Genet. 2005 39 309 338 16285863
- [2]Gabaldon T. Koonin E.V. Functional and evolutionary implications of gene orthology Nat. Rev. Genet. 2013 14 360 366 23552219 PMC5877793
- [3]Tatusov R.L. Galperin M.Y. Natale D.A. Koonin E.V. The COG database: a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 28 33 36 10592175 PMC102395
- [4]Sonnhammer E.L. Gabaldon T. Sousa da Silva A.W. Martin M. Robinson-Rechavi M. Boeckmann B. Thomas P.D. Dessimoz C. Quest for Orthologs consortium Big data and other challenges in the quest for orthologs Bioinformatics 2014 30 2993 2998 25064571 PMC4201156
- [5]Kriventseva E.V. Rahman N. Espinosa O. Zdobnov E.M. OrthoDB: the hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 36 D271 275 17947323 PMC2238902
- [7]Tribolium Genome Sequencing, C. Richards S. Gibbs R.A. Weinstock G.M. Brown S.J. Denell R. Beeman R.W. Gibbs R. Beeman R.W. Brown S.J. The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum Nature 2008 452 949 955 18362917
- [8]Waterhouse R.M. Kriventseva E.V. Meister S. Xi Z. Alvarez K.S. Bartholomay L.C. Barillas-Mury C. Bian G. Blandin S. Christensen B.M. Evolutionary dynamics of immune-related genes and pathways in disease-vector mosquitoes Science 2007 316 1738 1743 17588928 PMC2042107
- [9]Nene V. Wortman J.R. Lawson D. Haas B. Kodira C. Tu Z.J. Loftus B. Xi Z. Megy K. Grabherr M. Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector Science 2007 316 1718 1723 17510324 PMC2868357
- [10]Honeybee Genome Sequencing, C Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera Nature 2006 443 931 949 17073008 PMC2048586
- [11]Kriventseva E.V. Tegenfeldt F. Petty T.J. Waterhouse R.M. Simao F.A. Pozdnyakov I.A. Ioannidis P. Zdobnov E.M. OrthoDB v8: update of the hierarchical catalog of orthologs and the underlying free software Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D250 D256 25428351 PMC4383991
- [13]Yates A. Akanni W. Amode M.R. Barrell D. Billis K. Carvalho-Silva D. Cummins C. Clapham P. Fitzgerald S. Gil L. Ensembl 2016 Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 44 D710 D716 26687719 PMC4702834
- [14]Legeai F. Shigenobu S. Gauthier J.P. Colbourne J. Rispe C. Collin O. Richards S. Wilson A.C. Murphy T. Tagu D. AphidBase: a centralized bioinformatic resource for annotation of the pea aphid genome Insect. Mol. Biol. 2010 19 Suppl 2 5 12 20482635 PMC4372297
- [15]Kim H.S. Murphy T. Xia J. Caragea D. Park Y. Beeman R.W. Lorenzen M.D. Butcher S. Manak J.R. Brown S.J. BeetleBase in 2010: revisions to provide comprehensive genomic information for Tribolium castaneum Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 38 D437 D442 19820115 PMC2808946
- [16]Tang W. Yu L. He W. Yang G. Ke F. Baxter S.W. You S. Douglas C.J. You M. DBM-DB: the diamondback moth genome database Database (Oxford) 2014 2014 doi:10.1093/database/bat087 PMC3893660 24434032 · DOI
- [17]Millburn G.H. Crosby M.A. Gramates L.S. Tweedie S. FlyBase C. FlyBase portals to human disease research using Drosophila models Dis. Model. Mech. 2016 9 245 252 26935103 PMC4826978
- [18]Elsik C.G. Tayal A. Diesh C.M. Unni D.R. Emery M.L. Nguyen H.N. Hagen D.E. Hymenoptera Genome Database: integrating genome annotations in HymenopteraMine Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 44 D793 D800 26578564 PMC4702858
- [19]Brown G.R. Hem V. Katz K.S. Ovetsky M. Wallin C. Ermolaeva O. Tolstoy I. Tatusova T. Pruitt K.D. Maglott D.R. Gene: a gene-centered information resource at NCBI Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D36 D42 25355515 PMC4383897
- [20]Duan J. Li R. Cheng D. Fan W. Zha X. Cheng T. Wu Y. Wang J. Mita K. Xiang Z. SilkDB v2.0: a platform for silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome biology Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 38 D453 D456 19793867 PMC2808975
- [21]Giraldo-Calderon G.I. Emrich S.J. MacCallum R.M. Maslen G. Dialynas E. Topalis P. Ho N. Gesing S. VectorBase C. Madey G. VectorBase: an updated bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors and other organisms related with human diseases Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D707 D713 25510499 PMC4383932
- [22]Colbourne J.K. Singan V.R. Gilbert D.G. wFleaBase: the Daphnia genome database BMC Bioinform. 2005 6 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-6-45 PMC555599 15752432 · DOI
- [23]i5K Consortium The i5K Initiative: advancing arthropod genomics for knowledge, human health, agriculture and the environment J. Hered. 2013 104 595 600 23940263 PMC4046820
- [24]Nordberg H. Cantor M. Dusheyko S. Hua S. Poliakov A. Shabalov I. Smirnova T. Grigoriev I.V. Dubchak I. The genome portal of the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute: 2014 updates Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 42 D26 D31 24225321 PMC3965075
- [25]UniProt, C. UniProt: a hub for protein information Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 43 D204 D212 25348405 PMC4384041
- [26]Kersey P.J. Allen J.E. Armean I. Boddu S. Bolt B.J. Carvalho-Silva D. Christensen M. Davis P. Falin L.J. Grabmueller C. Ensembl Genomes 2016: more genomes, more complexity Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 44 D574 D580 26578574 PMC4702859
- [27]Simao F.A. Waterhouse R.M. Ioannidis P. Kriventseva E.V. Zdobnov E.M. BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs Bioinformatics 2015 31 3210 3212 26059717
- [28]Sunagawa S. Mende D.R. Zeller G. Izquierdo-Carrasco F. Berger S.A. Kultima J.R. Coelho L.P. Arumugam M. Tap J. Nielsen H.B. Metagenomic species profiling using universal phylogenetic marker genes Nat. Methods 2013 10 1196 1199 24141494
- [29]Howe K.L. Bolt B.J. Cain S. Chan J. Chen W.J. Davis P. Done J. Down T. Gao S. Grove C. WormBase 2016: expanding to enable helminth genomic research Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 44 D774 D780 26578572 PMC4702863
- [30]Ruzicka L. Bradford Y.M. Frazer K. Howe D.G. Paddock H. Ramachandran S. Singer A. Toro S. Van Slyke C.E. Eagle A.E. ZFIN, The zebrafish model organism database: Updates and new directions Genesis 2015 53 498 509 26097180 PMC4545674
- [31]Bult C.J. Eppig J.T. Blake J.A. Kadin J.A. Richardson J.E. Mouse Genome Database G. Mouse genome database 2016 Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 44 D840 D847 26578600 PMC4702860
- [32]Cherry J.M. The Saccharomyces Genome Database: gene product annotation of function, process and component Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2015 12 doi:10.1101/pdb.prot088914 PMC5673600 26631125 · DOI
- [33]Gao F. Luo H. Zhang C.T. Zhang R. Gene essentiality analysis based on DEG 10, an updated database of essential genes Methods Mol. Biol. 2015 1279 219 233 25636622
- [34]Waterhouse R.M. Zdobnov E.M. Kriventseva E.V. Correlating traits of gene retention, sequence divergence, duplicability and essentiality in vertebrates, arthropods and fungi Genome Biol. Evol. 2011 3 75 86 21148284 PMC3030422
Cited by
Sorted by citations
BUSCO applications from quality assessments to gene prediction and phylogenomics
Waterhouse, R. M., Seppey, M., Simão, F. A., Manni, M., Ioannidis, P., Klioutchnikov, G., Kriventseva, E. V., & Zdobnov, E. M. (2018) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msx319 · Cited by 2,214 · see citing works
Self-citationUnified rational protein engineering with sequence-based deep representation learning
Alley, E. C., Khimulya, G., Biswas, S., AlQuraishi, M., & Church, G. M. (2019) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0598-1 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Tempo and Mode of Genome Evolution in the Budding Yeast Subphylum
Shen, X.-X., Opulente, D. A., Kominek, J., Zhou, X., Steenwyk, J. L., Buh, K. V., Haase, M. A. B., Wisecaver, J. H., Wang, M., Doering, D. T., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.023 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Integrating gene annotation with orthology inference at scale
Kirilenko, B. M., Munegowda, C., Osipova, E., Jebb, D., Sharma, V., Blumer, M., Morales, A. E., Ahmed, A.-W., Kontopoulos, D.-G., Hilgers, L., et al. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abn3107 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Re-assembly, quality evaluation, and annotation of 678 microbial eukaryotic reference transcriptomes
Johnson, L. K., Alexander, H., & Brown, C. T. (2019) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/giy158 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Vignal, A., Boitard, S., Thébault, N., Dayo, G., Yapi‐Gnaore, V., Youssao Abdou Karim, I., Berthouly‐Salazar, C., Pálinkás‐Bodzsár, N., Guémené, D., Thibaud‐Nissen, F., et al. (2019) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13017 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Using Machine Learning to Measure Relatedness Between Genes: A Multi-Features Model
Wang, Y., Yang, S., Zhao, J., Du, W., Liang, Y., Wang, C., Zhou, F., Tian, Y., & Ma, Q. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40780-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zdobnov, E. M., Tegenfeldt, F., Kuznetsov, D., Waterhouse, R. M., Simão, F. A., Ioannidis, P., Seppey, M., Loetscher, A., & Kriventseva, E. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Zdobnov, Evgeny M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-11-28
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- D1
- Pages
- D744-D749
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC5210582
- OpenAlex
- W2559011563
- Cited by
- 438
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 19 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 25.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (143936)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- OrthoDB, orthologs, orthogroups, gene functional annotation, comparative genomics, sequence homology, archaea, plants, viruses
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, Software, User-Computer Interface, Viruses, Evolution, Molecular, Computational Biology, Genomics, Databases, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Web Browser
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review