Codon usage regulates protein structure and function by affecting translation elongation speed in Drosophila cells
Open accessAbstract
Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and have been proposed to regulate different aspects of translation process. Codon optimality has been shown to regulate translation elongation speed in fungal systems, but its effect on translation elongation speed in animal systems is not clear. In this study, we used a Drosophila cell-free translation system to directly compare the velocity of mRNA translation elongation. Our results demonstrate that optimal synonymous codons speed up translation elongation while non-optimal codons slow down translation. In addition, codon usage regulates ribosome movement and stalling on mRNA during translation. Finally, we show that codon usage affects protein structure and function in vitro and in Drosophila cells. Together, these results suggest that the effect of codon usage on translation elongation speed is a conserved mechanism from fungi to animals that can affect protein folding in eukaryotic organisms.
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Codon optimization can result in an improvement in protein expression yield, antibody assembly, affinity, and biological activity.
“Codon optimization can not only result in an improvement in protein expression yield, but also antibody assembly, affinity, and biological activity [85,86].”
From Computational and artificial intelligence-based methods for antibody development (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Zhao, F., Yu, C.-H., & Liu, Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yi
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-06-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 8484-8492
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC5737824
- OpenAlex
- W2620912806
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 16
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM118118)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- codon usage bias, codon optimality, ribosome stalling, protein folding, protein structure-function relationship, synonymous codons, Drosophila cells, cell-free translation system, eukaryotic translation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Cell-Free System, Codon, Drosophila melanogaster, Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational, Ribosomes, RNA, Messenger, Time Factors, Protein Biosynthesis, Blotting, Western, Protein Folding, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA Stability, Drosophila Proteins
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