Cited by 316Glioma Diagnosis and TreatmentGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningBrain Metastases and Treatment

Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors

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Ostrom, Quinn T, Fahmideh, Maral Adel, Cote, David J, Muskens, Ivo S, Schraw, Jeremy M, Scheurer, Michael E, Bondy, Melissa L·2019·Neuro-Oncology

Abstract

Primary brain tumors account for ~1% of new cancer cases and ~2% of cancer deaths in the United States; however, they are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children. These tumors are very heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into malignant and benign (or non-malignant), and specific histologies vary in frequency by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have explored numerous potential risk factors, and thus far the only validated associations for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in both adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk in adults). Studies of genetic risk factors have identified 32 germline variants associated with increased risk for these tumors in adults (25 in glioma, 2 in meningioma, 3 in pituitary adenoma, and 2 in primary CNS lymphoma), and further studies are currently under way for other histologic subtypes, as well as for various childhood brain tumors. While identifying risk factors for these tumors is difficult due to their rarity, many existing datasets can be leveraged for future discoveries in multi-institutional collaborations. Many institutions are continuing to develop large clinical databases including pre-diagnostic risk factor data, and developments in molecular characterization of tumor subtypes continue to allow for investigation of more refined phenotypes. Key Point 1. Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary significantly in incidence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.2. The only well-validated risk factors for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk).3. Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 histology-specific inherited genetic variants associated with increased risk of these tumors.

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Authors
Ostrom, Q. T., Fahmideh, M. A., Cote, D. J., Muskens, I. S., Schraw, J. M., Scheurer, M. E., & Bondy, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
  • Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Ostrom, Quinn T
Venue
Neuro-Oncology
Published
2019-07-12
Volume
21
Issue
11
Pages
1357-1375
ISSN
  • 1522-8517 (ISSN-L)
  • 1523-5866
OpenAlex
W2961422708
Cited by
314
References
165
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
FWCI
3.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuro-Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP160097T)
  • National Institutes of Health (T32 CA 009001, R01CA194189)
  • Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (115766)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Brain Metastases and Treatment
Keywords
primary brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors, adult brain tumors, risk factors, ionizing radiation exposure, allergy history, germline genetic variants, glioma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, tumor histology, genome-wide association study
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain Neoplasms, Child, Humans, Risk Factors

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