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Bioactives in bovine milk: chemistry, technology, and applications
Abstract
The significance of dairy in human health and nutrition is gaining significant momentum as consumers continue to desire wholesome, nutritious foods to fulfill their health and wellness needs. Bovine milk not only consists of all the essential nutrients required for growth and development, it also provides a broad range of bioactive components that play an important role in managing human homeostasis and immune function. In recent years, milk bioactives, including α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, milk fat globule membrane, and milk oligosaccharides, have been intensively studied because of their unique bioactivity and functionality. Challenges for the application of these bioactive components in food and pharmaceutical formulations are associated with their isolation and purification on an industrial scale and also with their physical and chemical instability during processing, storage, and digestion. These challenges can be overcome by advanced separation techniques and sophisticated nano- or micro-encapsulation technologies. Current knowledge about the chemistry, separation, and encapsulation technology of major bioactives derived from bovine milk and their application in the food industry is reviewed here.
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“Animal-based proteins, such as eggs, dairy, lean meats, poultry, and fish, provide a complete amino acid profile, making them particularly effective for muscle synthesis and recovery.”
From Protein intake in adolescent athletes: Nutritional requirements and performance implications (2025) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2021
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“Plant-based proteins, including legumes, tofu, quinoa, and nuts, can also be beneficial, as long as they are properly combined to ensure adequate amino acid intake.”
From Protein intake in adolescent athletes: Nutritional requirements and performance implications (2025) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2021
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Lactoferrin: molecular structure and biological function
Lönnerdal, B., & Iyer, S. (1995) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.000521 · Cited by 781
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Cited by
Protein intake in adolescent athletes: Nutritional requirements and performance implications
Colecchia, F. P., Padova, M. D., Mancini, S., Polito, R., Basta, A., Grosu, V. T., Limone, P., Messina, G., Monda, M., Monda, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2025.04083 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, T., Meletharayil, G., Kapoor, R., & Abbaspourrad, A.
- Affiliations
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Gopinathan Meletharayil and Rohit Kapoor are with the National Dairy Council, Rosemont, Illinois, USA
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-12-01
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- Supplement_2
- Pages
- 48-69
- ISSN
- 0029-6643
- 1753-4887
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Dairy Council
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