The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The spontaneous self-organization of an adaptive language
Abstract
The paper studies how a group of distributed agents may spontaneously and autonomously develop a language to refer to other agents in their environment by engaging in a series of language games. The language is adaptive in the sense that it expands or adjusts to the entry of new agents and new meanings. The paper describes the language formation mechanisms and details the results of computational simulations. The paper proposes a set of mechanisms by which a group of distributed agents may develop autonomously a language for identifying other agents in their environment. The set of agents and the set of features used for making distinctions is open-ended. The language autonomously adapts by the individual actions of agents with only local interactions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Self-Organizing Spatial Vocabulary
Steels, L. (1995) · Artificial Life · doi:10.1162/artl.1995.2.3.319 · Cited by 422
Self-citation
Cited by
Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning: The State of the Art
Panait, L., & Luke, S. (2005) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-005-2631-2 · Cited by 1,237
Strategy as Practice: Recursiveness, Adaptation, and Practices-in-Use
Jarzabkowski, P. (2004) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840604040675 · Cited by 1,007
Vellutino, F. R., Scanlon, D. M., Sipay, E. R., & Small, S. G. (1996) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.88.4.601 · Cited by 932
Question Asking During Tutoring
Graesser, A. C., & Person, N. K. (1994) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312031001104 · Cited by 900
Neurobiology of Schemas and Schema-Mediated Memory
Gilboa, A., & Marlatte, H. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.013 · Cited by 742
Metadata
- Authors
- Steels, L.
- Venue
- Machine Intelligence 15
- Publisher
- Oxford University PressOxford
- Published
- 2000-01-27
- Pages
- 205-224
- OpenAlex
- W1570599643
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 144.62
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The spontaneous self-organization of an adaptive language. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/oso/9780198538677.003.0011
- The paper
- Steels, L. (2000). The spontaneous self-organization of an adaptive language. Machine Intelligence 15. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198538677.003.0011
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.