Risk of Breast Cancer According to Use of Antidepressants, Phenothizaines, and Anthistamines
Abstract
In laboratory studies, some antidepressants caused increased growth of mammary tumors. The relation of use of these drugs to the development of breast cancer was examined in a hospital-based case-control study. Information, including lifetime medication history, was collected by interview from 5,814 women with primary breast cancer diagnosed within the previous year, 5,095 women with primary malignancies of other sites, and 5,814 women with other conditions. Relative risks were estimated by using unconditional multiple logistic regression for regular use (> or =4 days per week for > or =4 weeks beginning > or =1 year before admission) of antidepressants and structurally similar drugs. With reference to never use of each drug, relative risks were statistically compatible with 1.0 for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), tricyclics, other antidepressants, phenothiazines, and antihistamines; results were very similar using both control groups. There were no significant increases in risk for any category of regular use, stratified according to cumulative duration of use or time interval since the most recent use or for any individual drug within the broader classes. However, the estimate for regular SSRI use in the previous year, 1.8, was of borderline statistical significance (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.3). The findings do not support an overall association between the use of antidepressants, phenothiazines, or antihistamines and breast cancer. However, the results for SSRIs are not entirely reassuring.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The majority of studies investigating the risk of breast cancer in patients treated with conventional antipsychotics did not uncover an increased risk of breast cancer, with an exception being the cohort study by Wang et al.
“The majority of the studies in which the risk of breast cancer has been investigated in patients treated with conventional AP (465-468) did not uncover an increased risk of breast cancer, an exception being the cohort study by Wang et al (469).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [467]
Cites
Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis.
Youkeles, L., & Schlesselman, J. J. (1983) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288156 · Cited by 2,358 · see citing works
RE: “ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES”
Halperin, M. (1977) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112409 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES
Miettinen, O. S. (1976) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Depression as a risk for cancer morbidity and mortality in a nationally representative sample.
Zonderman, A., Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1989) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430090053032 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Stimulation of malignant growth in rodents by antidepressant drugs at clinically relevant doses.
Brandes, L. J., Arron, R. J., Bogdanovic, R. P., TONG, J. J., Zaborniak, C. L., Hogg, G. R., Warrington, R. C., Fang, W., & LaBella, F. S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Personality and risk of cancer: 20‐year follow‐up of the Western Electric Study.
Persky, V., Kempthorne-Rawson, J., & Shekelle, R. (1987) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198709000-00001 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-rated depression and the incidence of breast cancer
Hahn, R. C., & Petitti, D. B. (1988) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19880215)61:4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Calcium Channel Blockers and the Risk of Cancer
Rosenberg, L. A. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1000 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationDEPRESSED MOOD AND DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER
Linkins, R. W., & Comstock, G. W. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115739 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Screening prescription drugs for possible carcinogenicity: eleven to fifteen years of follow-up.
Selby, J. V., FRIEDMAN, G. D., & FIREMAN, B. H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Dattore, P. J., Shontz, F. C., & Coyne, L. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.48.3.388 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Dattore, P. J., Shontz, F. C., & Coyne, L. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.3.388 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Depression and cancer mortality and morbidity: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County study
Kaplan, G., & Reynolds, P. (1988) · Journal of behavioral medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846165 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Do antidepressants cause, promote, or inhibit cancers?
Steingart, A. B., & Cotterchio, M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00545-5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Evidence that the antiestrogen binding site is a histamine or histamine-like receptor
Brandes, L. J., Macdonald, L. M., & Bogdanovic, R. P. (1985) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(85)90271-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Harlow, B. L., & Cramer, D. W. (1995) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf00052773 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Depression as a risk for cancer morbidity and mortality in a nationally representative sample
Zonderman, A. B. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.9.1191 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A Case-Control Study of Breast Cancer and Psychotropic Drug Use
Wallace, R. B., Sherman, B. M., & Bean, J. A. (2009) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000225651 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Shapiro, S. (2000) · Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.1002/0470842555.ch13 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDepressive Symptoms as a Risk Factor for Mortality and for Major Depression
Weissman, M. M., Myers, J. K., Thompson, W. D., & Belanger, A. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003165187-19 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
RxList: The Internet drug index
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38sup-357 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488 · see citing works
Peuskens, J., Pani, L., Detraux, J., & De Hert, M. (2014) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0157-3 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Modeling Smoking History: A Comparison of Different Approaches
Leffondré, K. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf122 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Kimmick, G. G., Lovato, J. F., McQuellon, R. P., Robinson, E., & Muss, H. B. (2006) · The Breast Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1075-122x.2006.00218.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants: An updated review
Bigos, K. L., Pollock, B. G., Stankevich, B. A., & Bies, R. R. (2009) · Gender Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.genm.2009.12.004 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cancer Mortality among US Men and Women with Asthma and Hay Fever
Turner, M. C., Chen, Y., Krewski, D. R., Ghadirian, P., Thun, M. J., & Calle, E. E. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi193 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
An overview of the association between allergy and cancer
Turner, M. C., Chen, Y., Krewski, D. R., & Ghadirian, P. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21752 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Use of antidepressants and risk of colorectal cancer: a nested case-control study
Xu, W., Tamim, H., Shapiro, S., Stang, M. R., & Collet, J. (2006) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70622-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationAllergies: Their Role in Cancer Prevention
Sherman, P. W., Holland, E., & Sherman, J. S. (2008) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/592850 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cancer risk among users of neuroleptic medication: a population-based cohort study
Dalton, S. O., Johansen, C., Poulsen, A. H., Nørgaard, M., Sørensen, H. T., McLaughlin, J. K., Mortensen, P. B., & Friis, S. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603259 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions
Emiliano, A. B., & Fudge, J. L. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300412 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Hert, M. A. F. D., Peuskens, J., Sabbe, T., Mitchell, A. J., Stubbs, B., Neven, P., Wildiers, H. P. M. W., & Detraux, J. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12459 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Paroxetine—The Antidepressant from Hell? Probably Not, But Caution Required
Nevels, R. M., Gontkovsky, S. T., & Williams, B. E. (2025) · Psychopharmacology Bulletin · doi:10.64719/pb.4345 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sonier, B., Arseneault, M., Lavigne, C., Ouellette, R. J., & Vaillancourt, C. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.080 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The effects of tricyclic antidepressants on breast cancer risk
Sharpe, C. R., Collet, J.-P., Belzile, É., Hanley, J. A., & Boivin, J.-F. (2002) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600013 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Drewe, J., Bucher, K. A., & Zahner, C. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0808-y · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Antihistamines as promising drugs in cancer therapy
Faustino‐Rocha, A. I., Ferreira, R. M., Gama, A., Oliveira, P. A., & Ginja, M. (2016) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Antidepressant medication use and breast cancer risk
Wernli, K. J., Hampton, J. M., Trentham‐Dietz, A., & Newcomb, P. A. (2009) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1719 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Tolerability of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Draper, B., & Berman, K. (2008) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200825060-00004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Breast cancer recurrence risk in relation to antidepressant use after diagnosis
Chubak, J., Buist, D. S. M., Boudreau, D. M., Rossing, M. A., Lumley, T., & Weiss, N. S. (2007) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9828-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Antidepressant medication use and breast cancer risk: a case-control study
Steingart, A. B., Cotterchio, M., Kreiger, N., & Sloan, M. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg155 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lawlor, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00568-1 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Moorman, P. G., Grubber, J. M., Millikan, R. C., & Newman, B. M. (2003) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000050695.99660.d1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Coogan, P. F., Palmer, J. R., Strom, B. L., & Rosenberg, L. A. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi301 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of antipsychotics and risk of breast cancer: a Danish nationwide case–control study
Pottegård, A., Lash, T. L., Cronin-Fenton, D. P., Ahern, T. P., & Damkier, P. (2018) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.13661 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Antidepressant use and breast cancer risk
Chien, C., Li, C. I., Heckbert, S. R., Malone, K. E., Boudreau, D. M., & Daling, J. R. (2005) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-005-9056-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Use of Antidepressant Medications and the Possible Association with Breast Cancer Risk
Bahl, S., Cotterchio, M., & Kreiger, N. (2003) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000070782 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Breast Cancer Risk Among Users of Antidepressant Medications
rez, A. G. L.-P., & guez, L. A. G. A. R. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000147103.92638.c0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Use of antidepressants and risk of lung cancer
Toh, S., Rodríguez, L. A. G., & Hernández–Dı́az, S. (2007) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-007-9045-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Use of antidepressant medications in relation to the incidence of breast cancer
Fulton‐Kehoe, D., Rossing, M. A., Rutter, C. M., Mandelson, M. T., & Weiss, N. S. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603017 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Medication use and the risk of breast cancer
Davis, S., & Mirick, D. K. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9135-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Leoncikas, V., Wu, H., Ward, L. T., Kierzek, A. M., & Plant, N. J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep19771 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Use of antidepressants and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Eom, C.-S., Park, S. M., & Cho, K.-H. (2012) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2307-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Review of the epidemiological literature on antidepressant use and breast cancer risk
Coogan, P. F. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.9.1363 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Recurrence: What Can We Tell Survivors?
Norman, S. A., Potashnik, S. L., Galantino, M. L., Michele, A. D., House, L., & Localio, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.0047 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
NTP‐CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of fluoxetine
Hines, R. N., Adams, J., Louis, G. M. B., Faber, W. D., Holson, J. F., Jacobson, S. W., Keszler, M., McMartin, K. E., Segraves, R. T., Singer, L. T., et al. (2004) · Birth Defects Research Part B Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1002/bdrb.20014 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Anti-depressant therapy and cancer risk: A nested case-control study
Boursi, B., Lurie, I., Mamtani, R., Haynes, K., & Yang, Y. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.010 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of amitriptyline and fluoxetine upon the in vitro proliferation of tumor cell lines
Volpe, D. A., Ellison, C. D., Parchment, R. E., Grieshaber, C. K., & Faustino, P. J. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology · doi:10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01091.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The use of atypical antipsychotics and the risk of breast cancer
Azoulay, L., Yin, H., Renoux, C., & Suissa, S. (2011) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1506-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Breast cancer risk in a large cohort of female antidepressant medication users
Haque, R., Enger, S. M., Chen, W., & Petitti, D. B. (2004) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Antihistamine use and immunoglobulin E levels in glioma risk and prognosis
Amirian, E. S., Marquez-Do, D. A., Bondy, M. L., & Scheurer, M. E. (2013) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2013.08.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ashbury, J., Lévesque, L., Beck, P., & Aronson, K. J. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-90 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Risk of breast cancer in risperidone users: A nationwide cohort study
Reutfors, J., Wingård, L., Brandt, L., Wang, Y., Qiu, H., Kieler, H., & Bahmanyar, S. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.035 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tamim, H., Boivin, J., Hanley, J. A., Stang, M., & Collet, J. (2006) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1233 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Antidepressants and risk of prostate cancer: a nested case – control study
Tamim, H., Mahmud, S. M., Hanley, J. A., Boivin, J.-F., Stang, M. R., & Collet, J.-P. (2007) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4501003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Brandes, L. J. (2005) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440500246801 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
So, Antidepressant Drugs have Serious Adverse Effects, but what are the Alternatives?
Ali, A. M. (2018) · Novel Approaches in Drug Designing & Development · doi:10.19080/napdd.2018.04.555636 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association between allergies, asthma, and breast cancer risk among women in Ontario, Canada
Lowcock, E. C., Cotterchio, M., & Ahmad, N. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0177-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hormesis, the precautionary principle, and legal regulation
Ellman, L. M., & Sunstein, C. R. (2004) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1191/0960327104ht483oa · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Antihistamine use and breast cancer risk
Nadalin, V., Cotterchio, M., & Kreiger, N. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11240 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wallace, W. A., Balsitis, M., & Harrison, B. J. (2001) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1053/ejso.2000.1066 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gao, Z., Yin, X., Shi, H., Ni, J., Xu, W., & Zhang, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.993367 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zhuang, Y., Pang, X., Qi, Y., Zhang, T., Cao, G., Xue, H., Xu, Y., Xie, S., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.939636 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of Depression in People with Cancer
Grassi, L. G., Nanni, M. G., Uchitomi, Y., & Riba, M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470972533.ch7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Genotoxicity of Some Commonly Used Antidepressants (Fluoxetine, Sertraline and Clomipramine)
Draz, E. I., Emara, A. M., Saad, K., & Badaway, A. (2009) · Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.21608/mjfmct.2009.61873 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pharmaceuticals Other Than Hormones
Habel, L. A., & FRIEDMAN, G. D. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195149616.003.0025 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The role of H1 antihistamines in contralateral breast cancer: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Bens, A., Dehlendorff, C., Friis, S., Cronin-Fenton, D. P., Jensen, M., Ejlertsen, B., Lash, T. L., Kroman, N. T., & Mellemkjær, L. (2020) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0747-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Post-diagnostic antipsychotic use and cancer mortality: a population based cohort study
Hicks, B. M., Busby, J., Mills, K., O’Neil, F. A., McIntosh, S., Zhang, S., Liberante, F. G., & Cardwell, C. R. (2020) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-020-07320-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, R., Li, X., Yan, P., Bing, Z., Cao, L., Xu, H., Li, J., Liu, X., & Yang, K. (2021) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2020-0822 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effects of nefazodone on the development of experimentally induced tumors in stressed rodents
Freire‐Garabal, M., Rey‐Méndez, M., García-Vallejo, L. A., Balboa, J. L., Su�rez, J. M., Rodrigo, E., Brenlla, J., & nez, M. J. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1909-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Thompson, D. S., Kirshner, M. A., Klug, T. L., Kastango, K. B., & Pollock, B. G. (2003) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/00007691-200302000-00021 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kern, D. M., Shoaibi, A., Shearer, D., Richarz, U., Killion, L., & Knight, R. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1356640 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Use of Antidepressants and Risk of Cancer in Individuals Infected With HIV
Stebbing, J., Powles, T., Mandalia, S., Nelson, M. R., Gazzard, B., & Bower, M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.9681 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rosenberg, L. A., Coogan, P. F., & Palmer, J. R. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.1002/9781119959946.ch19 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationMitotic recombination: a genotoxic effect of the antidepressant citalopram in Aspergillus nidulans
Franco, C. C. S., de Castro-Prado, J., ROSADA, L. J., de Sant’Anna, J. R., & de Castro‐Prado, M. A. A. (2010) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2010.010159 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bercovich, D., & Goodman, G. (2009) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.031 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bakhtiari, E., Moazzen, N., Amirabadi, A., & Ahanchian, H. (2022) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1080/14737140.2023.2157265 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bies, R. R., Bigos, K. L., & Pollock, B. G. (2004) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-012440905-7/50350-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: Toxicologic mechanism and the increased breast cancer risk
Bird, S. B. (2025) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101927 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Risk of Antipsychotic Drugs on Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Indrakusuma, A. A. B. P., Sadeva, I. G. K. A., Kusuma, I. G. N. A. W., Lesmana, C. B. J., & Wihandani, D. M. (2022) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2022.71 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Risk of Breast Cancer in Association with the Use of Second-generation Antipsychotics
Joo, S. W., Lee, B. C., Lee, J. S., & Seo, G. H. (2022) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.675 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Development of Early Malignant Bilateral Breast Disease in Relation to Antidepressant Treatment
Markopoulos, C. J., Kouskos, E., & Phillipidis, T. (2005) · Acta chirurgica Belgica · doi:10.1080/00015458.2005.11679799 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Depression, antidepressant use, and breast cancer incidence in the Sister Study cohort
Díaz-Santana, M. V., Park, J., Rogers, M., O’Brien, K. M., Nichols, H. B., D’Aloisio, A. A., Bookwalter, D. B., Sandler, D. P., & Weinberg, C. R. (2025) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-025-02043-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Safety of Alopecia Treatments in Patients with Breast Cancer and High-Risk Women: A Review
Kearney, C. A., Brinks, A. L., Needle, C. D., Rachko, G., Bieber, A. K., Shapiro, J., Lacouture, M. E., Majerson, D., & Sicco, K. I. L. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-025-00961-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Karimi, M., Kafi, F. Z., Pirzad, S., Pourfaraji, S. M., & Jahangiri, S. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2025.100313 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kronik Antipsikotik Kullanımının Kemik, Meme ve Serviks Üzerine Etkileri
Bilici, M., Yenel, A., Kavlak, S. Ö., Uz, Y., Sünbül, E. A., & Çiftçi, A. (2011) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20110510114010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Is amisulpride safe when prescribed to breast and prostate cancer patients?
Pasquini, M., Berardelli, I., Calabrò, F., Roselli, V., Hefner, S., & Biondi, M. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.031 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association between antidepressants and breast/ovarian cancer
Pae, C. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.647684 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grimaldi‐Bensouda, L. (2009) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5a451488z330fz4ab9z83faze175e5d44834 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pharmacodynamics of IV Citalopram Using Functional MRI
Bigos, K. L. (2007) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Nielsen, J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0834-1_13
Low prebiopsy state irritability scores at the clinical onset of invasive breast carcinoma
Trikas, P., Vlachonikolis, I. G., Askoxilakis, I., Sanidas, E. E., Tsiftsis, D. D., & Paritsis, N. C. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00070-9
No association between antidepressant use and risk of breast cancer
Cohn, B. A. (2002) · Evidence-based Healthcare · doi:10.1054/ebhc.2001.0471
Maj, M., Ïðåçèäåíò, È., Tasman, A., & Herrman, H. (2011)
Vila, A. (2018) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Antipsychotic therapy and breast cancer risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Revelou, M.-T., Filippatos, C., Malandrakis, P., Terpos, E., Zagouri, F., Gavriatopoulou, M., & Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, I. (2025) · Breast Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12282-025-01804-5
Hicks, B. M., Busby, J., Mills, K., O’Neil, F. A., McIntosh, S., Zhang, S.-D., Liberante, F. G., & Cardwell, C. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12858711
Pinheiro, A. M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e234e25ez93ddz48d8z94daz0ebd0e211314
- Authors
- Kelly, J. P., Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. R., Rao, R. S., Strom, B. L., Stolley, P. D., Zauber, A. G., & Shapiro, S.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, J. P.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-10-15
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 861-868
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1990244587
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- Johns Hopkins University
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- breast cancer, antidepressants, phenothiazines, antihistamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, drug-induced cancer risk, mammary tumor growth, drug history
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Humans, Middle Aged, Phenothiazines, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
