Population-Based Case-Control Study of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Western Washington State. I. Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
Abstract
The associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were investigated in a population-based case-control study conducted in three counties of western Washington State from 1990 to 1994. Incident ALS cases (n = 161) were identified and were matched to population controls (n = 321) identified through random digit dialing and Medicare enrollment files. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, respondent type, and education. The authors found that alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of ALS. Ever having smoked cigarettes was associated with a twofold increase in risk (alcohol-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 3.2). A greater than threefold increased risk was observed for current smokers (alcohol-adjusted OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.9, 6.4), with only a modestly increased risk for former smokers (alcohol-adjusted OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.9, 2.4). Significant trends in the risk of ALS were observed with duration of smoking (p for trend = 0.001) and number of cigarette pack-years (p for trend = 0.001). The finding that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for ALS is consistent with current etiologic theories that implicate environmental chemicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Cigarette smoking has previously been associated with ALS risk.
“Environmental factors that have previously been associated with ALS risk include cigarette smoking (3–5)”
From Association of ALS with head injury, cigarette smoking and APOE genotypes (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
The prevalence of cigarette smoking and head injuries was higher in GENEVA controls than in population-based studies of civilian controls of similar age.
“As expected, the prevalence of both cigarette smoking and head injuries was higher in GENEVA controls than in population-based studies of civilian controls of similar age (ever vs. never smoking: 64.2% vs. 53.4% in (4); at least one head injury: 31.0% vs. 16.4% in (21)).”
From Association of ALS with head injury, cigarette smoking and APOE genotypes (2010) · cites this paper as [4]
Cites
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Rosen, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364362c0 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
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TDP-43 proteinopathy and motor neuron disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
McKee, A. C., Gavett, B. E., Stern, R. A., Nowinski, C. J., Cantu, R. C., Kowall, N. W., Perl, D. P., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Price, B., Sullivan, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181ee7d85 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Effects of gender in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
McCombe, P. A., & Henderson, R. D. (2010) · Gender Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.genm.2010.11.010 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Head Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Chen, H., Richard, M., Sandler, D. P., Umbach, D. M., & Kamel, F. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm153 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases
Park, R. M., Schulte, P. A., Bowman, J. D., Walker, J. T., Bondy, S. C., Yost, M. G., Touchstone, J. A., & Dosemeci, M. (2005) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20178 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Peng, B., Yang, Q., B Joshi, R., Liu, Y., Akbar, M., Song, B.-J., Zhou, S., & Wang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072316 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Association of ALS with head injury, cigarette smoking and APOE genotypes
Schmidt, S., Kwee, L. C., Allen, K. D., & Oddone, E. Z. (2010) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.01.011 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Smoking and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A mendelian randomization study
Zhan, Y., & Fang, F. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25443 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Binazzi, A., Belli, S., Uccelli, R., Desiato, M. T., Talamanca, I. F., Antonini, G., Corsi, F., Scoppetta, C., Inghilleri, M., Pontieri, F., et al. (2008) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis · doi:10.1080/17482960802382313 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Severe head injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Peters, T. L., Fang, F., Weibull, C. E., Sandler, D. P., Kamel, F., & Ye, W. (2013) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.3109/21678421.2012.754043 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nelson, L. M., McGuire, V., Longstreth, W. T., & Matkin, C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-01-15
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 156-163
- ISSN
- 0002-9262
- 1476-6256
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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