The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mortality from smoking worldwide
Abstract
Estimates are made of the numbers and proportions of deaths attributable to smoking in 44 developed countries in 1990. In developed countries as a whole, tobacco was responsible for 24% of all male deaths and 7% of all female deaths, rising to over 40% in men in some former socialist economies and 17% in women in the USA. The average loss of life for all cigarette smokers was about 8 years and for those whose deaths were attributable to tobacco about 16 years. Trends in mortality attributable to tobacco differed between countries. In some the mortality in middle age (35-69 years) had decreased by half in men since 1965; in others it was continuing to increase. In women, the proportion was mostly increasing, almost universally in old age. Mortality not attributable to smoking decreased since 1955 in all OECD (Organization for European Collaboration and Development) countries, by up to 60% in men and more in women. No precise estimate can be made of the number of deaths attributable to smoking in undeveloped countries, but the prevalence of smoking suggests that it will be large. In the world as a whole, some 3 million deaths a year are estimated to be attributable to smoking, rising to 10 million a year in 30-40 years' time.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“smoking is the leading cause of disease burden in many countries.[3][4][5][6][7]”
From Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: strengthening the evidence base for policy action (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · Cited by 5,932
Self-citationMortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics.
Peto, R., Boreham, J., Lopez, A. D., Thun, M., & Heath, C. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91600-d · Cited by 1,394
Self-citationMortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Hall, E., Wheatley, K., & Gray, R. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.911 · Cited by 1,172
Self-citationMortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000
Kinlen, L. J. (1996) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.46 · Cited by 754
Mortality from smoking in developed countries, 1950-2000
(1995) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.4.1.102 · Cited by 375
The future worldwide health effects of current smoking patterns
Peto, R., & López, A. D. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198526872.003.0016 · Cited by 328
Self-citationSelection, follow-up, and analysis in the American Cancer Society prospective studies.
Garfinkel, L. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 163
Peto, R. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92645-0 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609
Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442 · Cited by 11,386
Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens and Lung Cancer
Hecht, S. S. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.14.1194 · Cited by 1,976
Emerging Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries
Reddy, K. S., & Yusuf, S. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.6.596 · Cited by 1,206
International Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates
Jemal, A., & Ward, E. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0090 · Cited by 837
Metadata
- Authors
- Peto, R., Lopez, A. D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., & Doll, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- ORCID
- Peto, R.
- Venue
- British Medical Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-21
- ISSN
- 0007-1420 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8391
- OpenAlex
- W2115371904
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Medical Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Keywords
- smoking, smoking-related mortality, attributable mortality, global mortality estimates, sex differences in mortality, mortality trends, developed countries, former socialist economies
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Smoking, Developed Countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
