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Cited by 143Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia researchCancer Risks and Factors

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER IN CHILDREN1

GREENBERG, RAYMOND S., SHUSTER, JOHN L.·1985·Epidemiologic Reviews
DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036284
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Abstract

The epidemiologic features of cancers among children have stimulated abundant descriptive and analytic investigation. The descriptive work has demonstrated consistent differences in the incidence rates of these cancers by anatomic site, age, race, and gender. It is clear that the various forms of cancer during childhood have distinctive patterns of occurrence. To a large extent, the characteristic population distributions of these diseases may represent differences in the underlying etiologic processes. Analytic studies of cancer during childhood have addressed possible genetic and environmental risk factors for these diseases. Single gene mutations, as manifested through autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance, have been shown to predispose to cancers of children. Some of the children affected by these syndromes also exhibit specific chromosomal abnormalities. The demonstration of cancers induced by transplacental exposure to diethylstilbestrol has confirmed the speculation that the prenatal environment may influence subsequent carcinogenesis. Although possible leukemogenic effects of intrauterine diagnostic irradiation remain controversial, the issue may become unimportant clinically as prenatal irradiation is replaced by other diagnostic modalities (194). To date, studies of prenatal ultrasound have provided no evidence of an overall excess of subsequent malignancies. Postnatal exposure to high doses of irradiation is known to produce considerable excesses of leukemias and other cancers. At present, there are insufficient data available to reach a firm conclusion on the possible carcinogenic effects of exposure during childhood to low doses of irradiation, fringe magnetic fields, or chemicals. The evaluation of parental occupations as risk factors for cancer in children will require more detailed characterization of the timing, duration, and intensity of exposures. The many unresolved questions about the epidemiology of cancer in children will provide challenging areas for future investigation. In contemplating such research, care must be taken to avoid the shortcomings of earlier studies. As a general rule, because of sample size limitations, the unconfirmed risk factors for cancer in children are those with threefold excess risk or less. Therefore, it is essential that future investigations have sufficient statistical power to detect even modest associations. That is, studies with small sample sizes, which are likely to lead to inconclusive results on these putative risk factors, should be avoided. There are several possible resources available for conducting large epidemiological studies of cancer in children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036284

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  • The small increase in the risk of childhood leukaemia after intrauterine irradiation is credible because it concerns an adverse effect of a medical procedure for which no alternative explanations are obvious.

    “For instance, the small increase in the risk of childhood leukaemia after intrauterine irradiation is credible because it concerns an adverse effect of a medical procedure for which no alternative explanations are obvious [ 212 ].”

    From Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration (2007) · cites this paper as [212]

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Authors
GREENBERG, R. S., & SHUSTER, J. L.
Affiliations
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
GREENBERG, RAYMOND S.
Venue
Epidemiologic Reviews
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1985
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
22-48
ISSN
  • 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1478-6729
DOI
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036284
OpenAlex
W1811884632
Cited by
143
References
0
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n01cn055429-018)
  • National Cancer Institute (N01-CN-55429, N01-CN-61027)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Keywords
childhood cancer, cancer incidence, cancer etiology, genetic risk factors, hereditary cancer, chromosomal abnormalities, diethylstilbestrol, prenatal exposure, leukemia, low-dose radiation, magnetic field, cancer risk factors, statistical power
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Asia, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Male, Neoplasms, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Seasons, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Racial Groups

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