The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions.
Open accessAbstract
Two simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions are presented. Although they give no weights to different types of codon substitutions, these methods give essentially the same results as those obtained by Miyata and Yasunaga's and by Li et al.'s methods. Computer simulation indicates that estimates of synonymous substitutions obtained by the two methods are quite accurate unless the number of nucleotide substitutions per site is very large. It is shown that all available methods tend to give an underestimate of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions when the number is large.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evolution of Protein Molecules
JUKES, T. H., & CANTOR, C. R. (1969) · Mammalian Protein Metabolism · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7 · Cited by 11,032
(1985) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040343 · Cited by 1,049
The evolution of genes: the chicken preproinsulin gene
Perler, F. (1980) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90641-8 · Cited by 710
Preponderance of synonymous changes as evidence for the neutral theory of molecular evolution
KIMURA, M. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/267275a0 · Cited by 703
The nucleotide sequence of the human β-globin gene
Lawn, R. (1980) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90428-6 · Cited by 491
Two types of amino acid substitutions in protein evolution
Miyata, T., Miyazawa, S., & Yasunaga, T. (1979) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01732340 · Cited by 465
Patterns of nucleotide substitution in pseudogenes and functional genes
Gojobori, T., Li, W.-H., & Graur, D. (1982) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01733904 · Cited by 453
Miyata, T., & Yasunaga, T. (1980) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01732067 · Cited by 411
Uzzell, T., & Corbin, K. W. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.172.3988.1089 · Cited by 264
Nucleotide sequence divergence and functional constraint in mRNA evolution.
Miyata, T., Yasunaga, T., & Nishida, T. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.7328 · Cited by 251
Cited by
PAML 4: Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood
Yang, Z. (2007) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msm088 · Cited by 13,879
MCScanX: a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity
Wang, Y., Tang, H., DeBarry, J. D., Tan, X., Li, J., Wang, X., Lee, T.-H., Jin, H., Marler, B., Guo, H., et al. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1293 · Cited by 7,093
Yang, Z. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00160154 · Cited by 2,960
Codon-substitution models for heterogeneous selection pressure at amino acid sites
Yang, Z., Nielsen, R., Goldman, N., & Pedersen, A.-M. K. (2000) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/155.1.431 · Cited by 2,286
A codon-based model of nucleotide substitution for protein-coding DNA sequences.
(1994) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040153 · Cited by 1,960
Metadata
- Venue
- Molecular Biology and Evolution
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1986-09
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 418-26
- ISSN
- 0737-4038 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-1719
- OpenAlex
- W1907806866
- Cited by
- 4,894
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 4.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040410
- The paper
- Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. (1986). Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040410
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
