Vaccination, Risks, and Freedom: The Seat Belt Analogy

Giubilini, Alberto; Savulescu, Julian

doi:10.1093/phe/phz014

Cited by 125Ethics and bioethics in healthcareVaccine Coverage and HesitancyPublic Health Policies and Education

Vaccination, Risks, and Freedom: The Seat Belt Analogy

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Giubilini, Alberto, Savulescu, Julian·2019·Public Health Ethics

DOI 10.1093/phe/phz014PMC PMC7020768

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Abstract

We argue that, from the point of view public health ethics, vaccination is significantly analogous to seat belt use in motor vehicles and that coercive vaccination policies are ethically justified for the same reasons why coercive seat belt laws are ethically justified. We start by taking seriously the small risk of vaccines’ side effects and the fact that such risks might need to be coercively imposed on individuals. If millions of individuals are vaccinated, even a very small risk of serious side effects implies that, statistically, at some point side effects will occur. Imposing such risks raises issues about individual freedom to decide what risks to take on oneself or on one’s children and about attribution of responsibility in case of adverse side effects. Seat belt requirements raise many of the same ethical issues as vaccination requirements, and seat belt laws initially encountered some opposition from the public that is very similar to some of the current opposition to vaccine mandates. The analogy suggests that the risks of vaccines do not constitute strong enough reasons against coercive vaccination policies and that the same reasons that justify compulsory seat belt use—a measure now widely accepted and endorsed—also justify coercive vaccination policies.

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Seat belts can cause injuries but it is vastly more likely that they will protect you.
“seat belts can cause injuries but it is vastly more likely that they will protect you”
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Bezerra, M. C. D. S., da Silva, P. H. F., da Silva, J. B., Silva, I. M. D. L., Rodrigues, A. M. A., Andrade, J. S., Andrade, A. B. B., Ferreira, D. H. D. O., Barboza, V. C. C., Germano, A. J., et al. (2022) · IJS - International Journal of Sciences · doi:10.29327/229003.4.2-5
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Vaccines and Vaccinations
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Beliefs and preferences as predictors of prophylactic adherence and lockdown compliance in South Africa
Farolfi, S., Jourdain, D., Mungatana, E. D., Nicholls, N., Willinger, M., & Yitbarek, E. A. (2023) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/0376835x.2023.2252462
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Csorba, L. M., & Burcă, V. (2023) · Economic Alternatives · doi:10.37075/ea.2023.3.08
State Obligation in Fulfilling the Right to Health through the Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination
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Summary and Conclusions
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0034
Hypertension
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Suicide
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Depression
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0005
Chronic Pain
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Preface
Levin, J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0007
Health Policy Implications
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0033
Introduction
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0009
Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0023

Authors: Giubilini, A., & Savulescu, J.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Giubilini, Alberto
ORCID: Giubilini, Alberto
Savulescu, Julian
Venue: Public Health Ethics
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2019-10-22
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 237-249
ISSN: 1754-9973 (ISSN-L)
1754-9981
DOI: 10.1093/phe/phz014
PMC: PMC7020768
OpenAlex: W2981729841
Cited by: 125
References: 44
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9
FWCI: 13.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Public Health Ethics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Oxford Martin School
University of Oxford
Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, University of Oxford
Wellcome Centre (203132/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (104848/Z/14/Z)
Children's Research Institute
Victorian State Government
Operational Infrastructure Support
OIS
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
Keywords: vaccination, seat belt laws, vaccine side effects, individual liberty, mandatory vaccination

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Vaccination, Risks, and Freedom: The Seat Belt Analogy

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