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The burden of mental disorders and access to mental health and psychosocial support services in Syria and among Syrian refugees in neighboring countries: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Exposure to conflict, violence and forced displacement can increase poor mental health among affected populations. Our aim was to examine evidence on the burden of mental disorders and access to and effectiveness of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services in Syria and among Syrian refugees in neighboring countries. Methods: A systematic review was done following systematic review criteria. Twelve bibliographic databases and additional gray literature sources were searched for quantitative and qualitative studies. Descriptive analysis and quality assessment were conducted. Results: Twenty-eight eligible studies were identified, of which two were with conflict-affected populations within Syria. Levels of post-traumatic stress disorder ranged from 16 to 84%, depression from 11 to 49%, and anxiety disorder from 49 to 55%. Common risk factors were exposures to trauma and having a personal or family history of mental disorder. Financial and socio-cultural barriers were identified as the main obstacles to accessing MHPSS care. Evaluations of MHPSS services, albeit from predominantly nonrandomised designs, reported positive treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The MHPSS burden was high, but with considerable variation between studies. There are key evidence gaps on: MHPSS burden and interventions—particularly for those living within Syria; access and barriers to care; and implementation and evaluation of MHPSS interventions.
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“Due to the large number of refugees fleeing to neighbouring and other developing nations, the ability to access appropriate treatment is limited and there exists a treatment gap for Syrians suffering from psychological distress (Hendrickx et al., 2020).”
From Feasibility trial of a scalable transdiagnostic group psychological intervention for Syrians residing in a refugee camp (2021) · cites this paper as Hendrickx et al., 2020
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding the health needs of internally displaced persons: A scoping review
Cantor, D. J., Swartz, J., Roberts, B., Abbara, A., Ager, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Blanchet, K., Bunte, D. M., Chukwuorji, J. C., Daoud, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100071 · Cited by 173
Self-citationFuhr, D. C., Acarturk, C., McGrath, M., Ilkkursun, Z., Sondorp, E., Sijbrandij, M., Ventevogel, P., Cuijpers, P., McKee, M., & Roberts, B. (2020) · Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796019000660 · Cited by 120
“Notwithstanding this limitation, we believe that our findings do make a distinct contribution to the sparse evidence on the mental health treatment gap of conflict-affected populations particularly among Syrian refugees (Hendrickx et al., 2019; Satinsky et al., 2019).”
ResultSelf-citationAcarturk, C., McGrath, M., Roberts, B., Ilkkursun, Z., Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Sondorp, E., Ventevogel, P., McKee, M., Fuhr, D. C., et al. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01941-6 · Cited by 115
Self-citationTroup, J., Fuhr, D. C., Woodward, A., Sondorp, E., & Roberts, B. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00431-1 · Cited by 124
Self-citationDeSa, S., Gebremeskel, A. T., Omonaiye, O., & Yaya, S. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01936-1 · Cited by 121
Metadata
- Authors
- Hendrickx, M., Woodward, A., Fuhr, D. C., Sondorp, E., & Roberts, B.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Royal Tropical Institute (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Roberts, B
- Venue
- Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-10-24
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e299-e310
- ISSN
- 0943-1853 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-3842
- 1741-3850
- OpenAlex
- W2964590887
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
- Keywords
- mental illness, mental health services, psychosocial support, Syrian refugees, Syrian civil war, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, barriers to mental health care, conflict-affected populations, forced displacement, trauma exposure
- MeSH terms
- Psychosocial Support Systems, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Refugees, Syria
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