An injectable magnesium-coordinated phosphate chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with vancomycin for antibacterial and osteogenesis in the treatment of osteomyelitis
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Microbial infections of bones, particularly after joint replacement surgery, are a common occurrence in clinical settings and often lead to osteomyelitis (OM). Unfortunately, current treatment approaches for OM are not satisfactory. To address this issue, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of an injectable magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticle (NP)-coordinated phosphocreatine-grafted chitosan hydrogel (CMPMg-VCM) loaded with varying amounts of vancomycin (VCM) for the treatment of OM. The results demonstrate that the loading of VCM does not affect the formation of the injectable hydrogel, and the MgO-incorporated hydrogel exhibits anti-swelling properties. The release of VCM from the hydrogel effectively kills S.aureus bacteria, with CMPMg-VCM (50) showing the highest antibacterial activity even after prolonged immersion in PBS solution for 12 days. Importantly, all the hydrogels are non-toxic to MC3T3-E1 cells and promote osteogenic differentiation through the early secretion of alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodule formation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using a rat OM model reveal that the CMPMg-VCM hydrogel effectively kills and inhibits bacterial growth, while also protecting the infected bone from osteolysis. These beneficial properties are attributed to the burst release of VCM, which disrupts bacterial biofilm, as well as the release of Mg ions and hydroxyl by the degradation of MgO NPs, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents osteolysis. Overall, the CMPMg-VCM hydrogel exhibits promising potential for the treatment of microbial bone infections.
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Bioceramics and hydrogels lack load-bearing capacity, whereas non-degradable metallic implants often cause stress shielding.
“For instance, bioceramics and hydrogels lack load-bearing capacity, whereas non-degradable metallic implants (e.g., titanium) often cause stress shielding [4].”
From Nanocatalytic magnesium osteoimplants with biodegradable self-adaptive interfaces for therapeutic repair of infected bone defects (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
The Results section on fabrication and compressive properties reports compression tests of the study’s hydrogels, but does not say that hydrogels or bioceramics lack load-bearing capacity. The Introduction discusses biodegradable metals, but the available full text does not address stress shielding by non-degradable implants such as titanium (searched: load-bearing, bioceramics, stress shielding). Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Wu, Y., Cai, Z., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Y., Liao, L., & Jia, Z. (2026) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“For instance, bioceramics and hydrogels lack load-bearing capacity, whereas non-degradable metallic implants (e.g., titanium) often cause stress shielding [4].”
- Authors
- Zhang, P., Wang, T., Qian, J., Qin, H., Liu, P., Xiong, A., Udduttula, A., Wang, D., Zeng, H., & Chen, Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (CN)
- Internal Medicine, Shenzhen New Frontier United Family Hospital , Shenzhen 518031, China
- Vellore Institute of Technology University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Deli
- Zeng, Hui
- Chen, Yingqi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Regenerative Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2024
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- rbae049-rbae049
- ISSN
- 2056-3418 (ISSN-L)
- 2056-3426
- PMC
- PMC11196881
- OpenAlex
- W4399032756
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 146 d)
- Locations
- Regenerative Biomaterials (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (82202664)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research (ZDSYS20220606100602005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- osteomyelitis, injectable hydrogel, chitosan, magnesium oxide nanoparticles, vancomycin, phosphocreatine, antibacterial activity, osteogenic differentiation, Staphylococcus aureus, biofilm eradication, osteolysis, drug release, bone infection
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