NON-TARGETED EFFECTS LEAD TO A PARIDIGM SHIFT IN RISK ASSESSMENT FOR A MISSION TO THE EARTH’S MOON OR MARTIAN MOON PHOBOS
Abstract
Cancer risk is an important limitation for galactic cosmic ray (GCR) exposures, which consist of a wide-energy range of protons, heavy ions and secondary radiation produced in shielding and tissues. Many studies suggest non-targeted effects (NTEs) occur for low doses of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, leading to deviation from the linear dose response model used in radiation protection. We investigate corrections to quality factors (QF) for NTEs, which are used in predictions of fatal cancer risks for exploration missions. Prediction of fatal cancer risks for missions to the Martian moon, Phobos of 500-d and the Earth's moon of 365-d for average solar minimum condition show increases of 2- to 4-fold higher in the NTE model compared with the conventional model. Limitations in estimating uncertainties in NTE model parameters due to sparse radiobiology data at low doses are discussed.
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A similar functional response provided an optimal global fit to the Harderian gland tumor study with several heavy ions.
“A similar functional response provided an optimal global fit to the Harderian gland tumor study with several heavy ions (Chang et al., 2016;Cucinotta et al., 2018).”
From A proposed change to astronaut exposures limits is a giant leap backwards for radiation protection (2021) · cites this paper as Cucinotta et al., 2018
Lunar missions of up to 6 months would be within the current standards, and a combination of an ISS and a lunar mission both of up to 6 months is possible.
“Also, lunar missions of up to 6-months would be within the current standards (Cucinotta et al., 2018), and certainly a combination of an ISS and a lunar mission both of up to 6-month is possible.”
From A proposed change to astronaut exposures limits is a giant leap backwards for radiation protection (2021) · cites this paper as Cucinotta et al., 2018
Cites
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High LET radiation carcinogenesis
Fry, R. J. M., Powers-Risius, P., Alpen, E. L., & Ainsworth, E. J. (1985) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3576646 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A New Approach to Reduce Uncertainties in Space Radiation Cancer Risk Predictions
Cucinotta, F. A. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120717 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, M. Y., Cucinotta, F. A., Nounu, H. N., Zeitlin, C., Hassler, D. M., Rafkin, S. C. R., Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F., Ehresmann, B., Brinza, D. E., Böttcher, S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1002/2013je004549 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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A proposed change to astronaut exposures limits is a giant leap backwards for radiation protection
Cucinotta, F. A., Schimmerling, W., Blakely, E. A., & Hei, T. K. (2021) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.07.005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Cucinotta, F. A., Cacao, E., Kim, M.-H. Y., & Saganti, P. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- Prairie View A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cucinotta, Francis A
- Venue
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-12-20
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 213-218
- ISSN
- 0144-8420 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-3406
- OpenAlex
- W2905752957
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- non-targeted effects, quality factor, galactic cosmic rays, lunar missions, Phobos mission, low-dose radiation, high-LET radiation, linear no-threshold model, radiation protection
- MeSH terms
- Cosmic Radiation, Humans, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Radiation Protection, Risk Factors, Space Flight, Moon, Astronauts, Linear Energy Transfer, Mars, Risk Assessment
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