The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-Term Diagnostic Stability and Outcome in Recent First-Episode Cohort Studies of Schizophrenia
Abstract
Knowing the long-term outcomes of schizophrenia and stability of a schizophrenia diagnosis are important from a clinical standpoint as well as essential to future research on diagnostic classifications and outcome. As in prior research on schizophrenia, prospectively designed long-term studies over the past 30 years find that the predominant course of illness includes chronically poor functioning, with little evidence of long-term improvement. Mortality due to suicide is significant at about 10% over 10-year periods of follow-up. Within studies, outcome domains are interrelated, and the relatively consistent predictors of poorer outcome include family history of schizophrenia, insidious onset, poor premorbid functioning, severity of negative symptoms, and severity and duration of untreated psychosis. Residing in a developed rather than a developing country is also associated with a poorer long-term course. The diagnostic stability of schizophrenia is less well studied. The positive predictive value exceeds 90%, and preliminary findings from the 10-year follow-up of the Suffolk County Mental Health Project cohort have found that the agreement across time increased from k = .52 (baseline to 10 years) to k = .76 (6 or 24 months to 10 years). After discussing several limitations of the existing body of research, we suggest that future studies incorporate more "modifiable" risk factors into the assessment battery that could potentially be used as building blocks in experimental intervention designs.
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“Course qualifiers allow the differentiation of first- and multiple-episode cases, and between acute episodes with symptoms, full or partial remission, and a chronic course due to different prognostic implications [26].”
From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
Citations
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Early intervention in psychosis: concepts, evidence and future directions
MCGORRY, P. D., KILLACKEY, E., & YUNG, A. (2008) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00182.x · Cited by 581
“While it is very stable once applied (28-31), it is intrinsically difficult to apply until the patient has been ill for a prolonged period of time.”
BackgroundGrant, P. M., & Beck, A. T. (2008) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn008 · Cited by 419
Treated Incidence of Psychotic Disorders in the Multinational EU-GEI Study
Jongsma, H. E., Gayer-Anderson, C. E., Lasalvia, A., Quattrone, D., Mulè, A., Szöke, A., Selten, J., Turner, C., Arango, C., Tarricone, I., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3554 · Cited by 336
“This practice is also consistent with some evidence of diagnostic instability in the early course of disorder,(34) particularly for psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia.(35) Although we relied on clinical diagnoses in a small proportion of patients, this did not alter the interpretation of our findings (eAppen…”
ResultThe slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum
Gülöksüz, S., & van Os, J. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001775 · Cited by 369
“favourable outcome compared with those in previous samples (Bromet et al. 2005).”
Long-Term Follow-Up of the TIPS Early Detection in Psychosis Study: Effects on 10-Year Outcome
Hegelstad, W. T. V., Larsen, T. K., Auestad, B., Evensen, J. H., Haahr, U., Joa, I., Johannesen, J. O., Langeveld, J., Melle, I. S., Opjordsmoen, S., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030459 · Cited by 317
“At least 50% of schizophrenia patients continue to experience psychotic symptoms more than 10 years after onset (1, 2).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bromet, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bromet, E. J
- ORCID
- Bromet, E. J
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-07-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 639-649
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1707
- OpenAlex
- W2138826206
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH044801, MH44801)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, New York, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide, Cohort Studies
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