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Cited by 959Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health Treatment and AccessMental Health and Psychiatry

Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders

Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, J. E., Day, R.·1986·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291700011910
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Abstract

Synopsis: In a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of ‘helping agency’ because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2-year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a ‘broad’ diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0033291700011910

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  • Recovery from schizophrenia clearly occurs.

    “Recovery from schizophrenia clearly occurs [229–231], but it is unclear whether those who are free of positive symptoms but who have mild residual disability should be counted as “active” cases or not.”

    From A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia (2005) · cites this paper as [229]

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Authors
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, J. E., & Day, R.
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1986-11
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
909-928
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291700011910
OpenAlex
W2162129527
Cited by
959
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 29
FWCI
25.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 8286 d)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 29969)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords
schizophrenia, cross-cultural comparison, developing countries, clinical course, prognosis, symptom profiles, age- and sex-specific incidence, psychosis
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Risk, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology

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