The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Varieties of Voice-Hearing: Psychics and the Psychosis Continuum
Open accessAbstract
Hearing voices that are not present is a prominent symptom of serious mental illness. However, these experiences may be common in the non-help-seeking population, leading some to propose the existence of a continuum of psychosis from health to disease. Thus far, research on this continuum has focused on what is impaired in help-seeking groups. Here we focus on protective factors in non-help-seeking voice-hearers. We introduce a new study population: clairaudient psychics who receive daily auditory messages. We conducted phenomenological interviews with these subjects, as well as with patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder who hear voices, people with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder who do not hear voices, and matched control subjects (without voices or a diagnosis). We found the hallucinatory experiences of psychic voice-hearers to be very similar to those of patients who were diagnosed. We employed techniques from forensic psychiatry to conclude that the psychics were not malingering. Critically, we found that this sample of non-help-seeking voice hearers were able to control the onset and offset of their voices, that they were less distressed by their voice-hearing experiences and that, the first time they admitted to voice-hearing, the reception by others was much more likely to be positive. Patients had much more negative voice-hearing experiences, were more likely to receive a negative reaction when sharing their voices with others for the first time, and this was subsequently more disruptive to their social relationships. We predict that this sub-population of healthy voice-hearers may have much to teach us about the neurobiology, cognitive psychology and ultimately the treatment of voices that are distressing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Voice-hearing embedded in an agreeable social world may become more manageable [68].”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure
(1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/4615733 · Cited by 21,526
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799 · Cited by 11,090
van Os, J., Linscott, R. J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & Krabbendam, L. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003814 · Cited by 2,343
(1997) · American Psychiatric Press eBooks · Cited by 1,436
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t07827-000 · Cited by 1,403
Doolan, D. L., Dobaño, C., & Baird, J. K. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00025-08 · Cited by 1,363
Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?
van Os, J., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., & Ravelli, A. (2000) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00224-8 · Cited by 893
Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., & Garety, P. A. (1999) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401 · Cited by 771
Measuring Multiple Dimensions of Religion and Spirituality for Health Research
Idler, E. L., Musick, M. A., Ellison, C. G., George, L. K., KRAUSE, N. M., Ory, M. G., Pargäment, K. I., Powell, L. H., Underwood, L. G., & Williams, D. R. (2003) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027503025004001 · Cited by 639
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- First, 1995, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0)
- Johns, 2014, Auditory verbal hallucinations in persons with and without a need for care, Schizophr Bull, 40, S255, 10.1093/schbul/sbu005 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–124 of 124
God Naturally, Disorder Actually
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0001
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0002
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0003
Searching for the Gods’ Minds the Hard Way
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0005
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0006
Scrupulosity, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Ritual
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.003.0004
By-Products or By Design? Considering Hearing Voices and Other Matters of the Mind
Powell, A. J., & Cook, C. C. H. (2021) · Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion · doi:10.1558/jcsr.20092
Moseley, P., & Powell, A. J. (2022) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2022.2050796
(2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000541.supp
Epistemological Implications of Perceptual Pluralism
Pantazakos, T. (2023) · Global Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10516-023-09699-7
Psychotic experiences: Gift or illness?
van der Zeijst, M. C. E. (2023) · doi:10.33612/diss.806987620
Reischer, H. N., Cowan, H. R., Johnson, K., & Mittal, V. A. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ajzwv
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.002.0006
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.002.0004
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.002.0003
McCauley, R. N., & Graham, G. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190091149.002.0007
Swyer, A., Woods, A., Ellison, A., & Alderson‐Day, B. (2024) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2024.2407138
What Does Personality Have to Do with Mental Disorder?
DeYoung, C. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009445955.011
Two simple questions that have changed the way people hear inner voices
McCarthy‐Jones, S. (2017) · doi:10.64628/ab.tf9adjdja
Investigating Individual Intuitive Expression: Norms and Patterns in the Noetic Signature Inventory
Wahbeh, H., Kriegsman, M., & Glick, B. (2025) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · doi:10.53765/20512201.32.11.121
215Hearing Spirits: The Work and Technique of Controlled Clairaudience
Powell, A. J. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110733457-010
Phantom vibrations: An understudied marker of clinical risk for psychosis
Pokorny, V., Kaka, T., Vargas, T., Pinkham, A. E., & Mittal, V. A. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.02.017
Metadata
- Authors
- Powers, A. R., Kelley, M. S., & Corlett, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-10-07
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-98
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC5216860
- OpenAlex
- W2528212221
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Connecticut Mental Health Center
- Connecticut State Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (R01MH067073)
- NCPTSD
- IMHRO/ Janssen Rising Star Translational Research Award (UL1 TR000142)
- National Center for Research Resources
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science
- National Institutes of Health
- Integrated Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Training (5R25MH071584-07)
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Training in Psychiatry (5T32MH19961-14)
- Yale Detre Fellowship for Translational Neuroscience
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- voice hearing, clairaudience
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Perception, Borderline Personality Disorder, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders, Schizotypal Personality Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
