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Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs for Rehospitalization in Schizophrenia—A Nationwide Study With 20-Year Follow-up
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Very little is known about the comparative long-term effectiveness of novel antipsychotics in relapse prevention, especially in first-episode schizophrenia. Nationwide data from Finnish health care registers were gathered prospectively for all persons with periods of inpatient care due to schizophrenia in Finland during 1972-2014. Altogether 62250 persons were included in the prevalent cohort, and 8719 in the incident (first-episode schizophrenia) cohort. The follow-up for antipsychotic use started at 1996 for the prevalent cohort, and at the first discharge from inpatient care for the incident cases. Within-individual Cox regression models for risk of psychiatric and all-cause hospitalization were constructed to compare risk during antipsychotic use and no use using individual as his/her own control to eliminate selection bias. With follow-up time up to 20 years (median = 14.1, interquartile range = 6.9-20.0), 59% of the prevalent cohort were readmitted to psychiatric inpatient care. Olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.36-0.61), clozapine (0.51, 0.49-0.53), and paliperidone LAI (0.51, 0.40-0.66) were associated with the lowest risk of psychiatric rehospitalization in the prevalent cohort. Among first-episode patients, the lowest risks were observed for flupentixol LAI (0.24, 0.12-0.49), olanzapine LAI (0.26, 0.16-0.44), and perphenazine LAI (0.39, 0.31-0.50). Clozapine and LAIs were associated with the lowest risk of all-cause hospitalization in both cohorts. Clozapine and LAIs are the most effective treatments in preventing psychiatric and all-cause hospitalization among chronic and first-episode patients with schizophrenia.
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“In addition to the benefits of reduced treatment gaps with LAI versus oral antipsychotics, studies, particularly those in real-world samples, have demonstrated reduced psychopathology, relapses, hospitalizations, and mortality risk with LAI formulations [98–104].”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
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“Furthermore, both the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of the DPP lifestyle interventions was maintained over a 10-year follow up, even when compared to metformin as a control condition.234,235”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [234]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Taipale, H., Mehtälä, J., Tanskanen, A., & Tiihonen, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- EPID Research Oy, Espoo, Finland
- Corresponding author
- Tiihonen, Jari
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-12-20
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1381-1387
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC6192491
- OpenAlex
- W2776169777
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs
- Niuvanniemi Hospital
- Eli Lilly (F1D-HL-0341)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Paliperidone Palmitate, Olanzapine, Adult, Aged, Clozapine, Female, Finland, Flupenthixol, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Readmission, Perphenazine, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Incidence, Prevalence, Secondary Prevention, Young Adult
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