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Quantification of Subjective Sleep Quality in Healthy Elderly Men and Women Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Abstract
Subjective sleep quality deteriorates with aging, but the extent to which this is a product of age itself, as opposed to the medical or psychiatric problems associated with aging, has not been carefully studied. To investigate this issue, we examined the subjective sleep quality of 44 healthy subjects over 80 years of age (20 men, 24 women), and 35 healthy subjects [corrected] between the ages of 20 and 30 (23 men, 12 women) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All subjects underwent rigorous medical and psychiatric evaluations to verify that they were in excellent physical and psychological health. Significant age effects were noted for the global PSQI score and several PSQI component scores, but overall sleep quality for the majority (68.1%) of 80-yr-olds fell within a categorically defined range for "good" sleepers. Measures of habitual sleep quality did not correlate strongly with most polysomnographic sleep measures, number of medications used or circadian measures in elderly subjects. These results show that subjective sleep quality does deteriorate in the healthy elderly, but not to the level seen in patients with sleep disorders. Extremely healthy elderly subjects appear to adapt in their perception of objectively disturbed sleep.
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“PSQI has good reliability and validity in its versions in English (Buysse et al., 1991), Spanish (Jiménez-Genchi et al., 2008), Brazilian Portuguese (Bertolazi et al., 2011) and following Zwart et al. (2018), the Dutch version provided by eProvide® will be used.”
From Internet-based self-administered intervention to reduce anxiety and depression symptomatology and improve well-being in 7 countries: protocol of a randomized control trial (2024) · cites this paper as Buysse et al., 1991
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Sleep Health: Can We Define It? Does It Matter?
Buysse, D. J. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3298 · Cited by 2,768
Self-citationTest–retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia
Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D. W., & Hohagen, F. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00330-6 · Cited by 1,762
Psychometric evaluation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index
Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00298-5 · Cited by 1,618
Tsai, P.-S., Wang, S., Wang, M.-Y., Su, C.-T., Yang, T.-T., Huang, C.-J., & Fang, S. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-005-4346-x · Cited by 1,254
Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index
Bertolazi, A. N., Fagondes, S. C., Hoff, L. S., Dartora, E. G., da Silva Miozzo, I. C., de Barba, M. E. F., & Menna Barreto, S. S. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.020 · Cited by 1,211
“As in the study for the development of the PSQI and further publications [8,19], the PSQI-BR scores were not correlated with polysomnographic findings.”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Hoch, C. C., Yeager, A. L., & Kupfer, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daniel J. Buysse
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1991-07-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 331-8
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W1704280769
- Cited by
- 874
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01ag006836-04)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 06836)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-00295, MH-37869, R01MH037869)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- subjective sleep quality, aging, older adults, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, healthy older adults, sleep perception, sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, medication use, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Arousal, Attitude to Health, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM
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