Cited by 875Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Quantification of Subjective Sleep Quality in Healthy Elderly Men and Women Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

Daniel J. Buysse, Charles F. Reynolds, Timothy H. Monk, Carolyn C. Hoch, Amy L. Yeager, David J. Kupfer·1991·Sleep

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Subjective sleep quality deteriorates with aging, but the extent to which this is a product of age itself, as opposed to the medical or psychiatric problems associated with aging, has not been carefully studied. To investigate this issue, we examined the subjective sleep quality of 44 healthy subjects over 80 years of age (20 men, 24 women), and 35 healthy subjects [corrected] between the ages of 20 and 30 (23 men, 12 women) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All subjects underwent rigorous medical and psychiatric evaluations to verify that they were in excellent physical and psychological health. Significant age effects were noted for the global PSQI score and several PSQI component scores, but overall sleep quality for the majority (68.1%) of 80-yr-olds fell within a categorically defined range for "good" sleepers. Measures of habitual sleep quality did not correlate strongly with most polysomnographic sleep measures, number of medications used or circadian measures in elderly subjects. These results show that subjective sleep quality does deteriorate in the healthy elderly, but not to the level seen in patients with sleep disorders. Extremely healthy elderly subjects appear to adapt in their perception of objectively disturbed sleep.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/sleep/14.4.331

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Sleep Health: Can We Define It? Does It Matter?
Buysse, D. J. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3298 · Cited by 2,768
Self-citation
Test–retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia
Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D. W., & Hohagen, F. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00330-6 · Cited by 1,762
Psychometric evaluation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index
Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00298-5 · Cited by 1,618
Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in Primary Insomnia and Control Subjects
Tsai, P.-S., Wang, S., Wang, M.-Y., Su, C.-T., Yang, T.-T., Huang, C.-J., & Fang, S. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-005-4346-x · Cited by 1,254
Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index
Bertolazi, A. N., Fagondes, S. C., Hoff, L. S., Dartora, E. G., da Silva Miozzo, I. C., de Barba, M. E. F., & Menna Barreto, S. S. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.020 · Cited by 1,211
“As in the study for the development of the PSQI and further publications [8,19], the PSQI-BR scores were not correlated with polysomnographic findings.”
Result
Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects
Doi, Y., Minowa, M., Uchiyama, M., Okawa, M., Kim, K., Shibui, K., & Kamei, Y. (2000) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00232-8 · Cited by 992
Relationships Between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Clinical/Polysomnographic Measures in a Community Sample
Buysse, D. J., Hall, M. L., Strollo, P. J., Kamarck, T. W., Owens, J., Lee, L., Reis, S. E., & Matthews, K. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27351 · Cited by 858
Self-citation
Sleep in Normal Aging
Li, J., Vitiello, M. V., & Gooneratne, N. S. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.09.001 · Cited by 742
Complicated grief and bereavement-related depression as distinct disorders: preliminary empirical validation in elderly bereaved spouses
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.1.22 · Cited by 736
Self-citation
The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Sohn, S. I., Kim, D. H., Lee, M. Y., & Cho, Y. W. (2012) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-011-0579-9 · Cited by 727
The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mollayeva, T., Thurairajah, P., Mollayeva, S., Shapiro, C. M., Burton, K. R., & Colantonio, A. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.156 · Cited by 618
Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P)
Moghaddam, J. F., Nakhaee, N., Sheibani, V., Garrusi, B., & Amirkafi, A. (2011) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-010-0478-5 · Cited by 615
Validity of the Italian Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Curcio, G., Tempesta, D., Scarlata, S., Marzano, C., Moroni, F., Rossini, P. M., Ferrara, M., & Gennaro, L. D. (2012) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-012-1085-y · Cited by 604
“Moreover, it has been successfully used in both normal [11] and pathological aging [12].”
Background
The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic
Grey, I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Saneh, A., Tohme, P., & Abi-Habib, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452 · Cited by 587
Inflammation and Behavioral Symptoms After Breast Cancer Treatment: Do Fatigue, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance Share a Common Underlying Mechanism?
Bower, J. E., Ganz, P. A., Irwin, M. R., Kwan, L. C., Breen, E. C., & Cole, S. W. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2011.36.1154 · Cited by 514
Behavioral Symptoms in Patients With Breast Cancer and Survivors
Bower, J. E. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.14.3248 · Cited by 520
A randomized controlled trial of high versus low intensity weight training versus general practitioner care for clinical depression in older adults
Singh, N. A., Stavrinos, T. M., Scarbek, Y., Galambos, G., Liber, C., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.6.768 · Cited by 470
Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in cancer patients
Beck, S. L., Schwartz, A. L., Towsley, G., Dudley, W., & Barsevick, A. (2004) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.002 · Cited by 464
Translating the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Into Arabic
Suleiman, K. H., Yates, B. C., Berger, A. M., Pozehl, B., & Meza, J. L. (2009) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909348230 · Cited by 400
“The global PSQI scores in the current study were higher than the “good sleeper” scores obtained in healthy controls by Buysse et al. (1989) and Buysse et al. (1991).”
Result
Self-Reported Sleep Quality Predicts Poor Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults
Nebes, R. D., Buysse, D. J., Halligan, E. M., Houck, P. R., & Monk, T. H. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbn037 · Cited by 405
Self-citation
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: A multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients
Guarnieri, B., Adorni, F., Musicco, M., Appollonio, I., Bonanni, E., Caffarra, P., Caltagirone, C., Cerroni, G., Concari, L., Cosentino, F. I. I., et al. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000335363 · Cited by 393
An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Review
Sateia, M. J., Doghramji, K., Hauri, P., & Morin, C. M. (2000) · Cited by 369
Yoga for persistent fatigue in breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Bower, J. E., Garet, D., Sternlieb, B., Ganz, P. A., Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Greendale, G. (2012) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.26702 · Cited by 352
Sleep Problems as a Risk Factor for Falls in a Sample of Community‐Dwelling Adults Aged 64–99 years
Brassington, G. S., King, A. C., & Bliwise, D. L. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02596.x · Cited by 352
Age-related sleep change
Vitiello, M. V., Larsen, L. H., & Moe, K. E. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(04)00023-6 · Cited by 353
Fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms prior to chemotherapy for breast cancer
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Liu, L., Marler, M., Parker, B. A., Jones, V. E., Sadler, G. R., Dimsdale, J. E., Cohen‐Zion, M., & Fiorentino, L. (2005) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0861-0 · Cited by 315
“The PSQI [12, 13] is a 19-item questionnaire which rates patients’ reports of their sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction.”
BackgroundMethod
Insomnia causes, consequences, and therapeutics: An overview
Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2003) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10151 · Cited by 316
“…an important assessment tool which is helpful in measuring temporal changes in sleep quality or sleep disturbance related to various disease states [Baskett et al., 2003; Buysse et al., 1991; Carpenter and Andrykowski, 1998; Doi et al., 2000; Gentili et al., 1995; Petit et al., 2003; Smyth, 1999].”
Background
Sleep and morningness‐eveningness in the ‘middle’ years of life (20–59y)
CARRIER, J., MONK, T. H., BUYSSE, D. J., & KUPFER, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1997.00230.x · Cited by 303
Self-citation
Comparison of Sleep Parameters from Actigraphy and Polysomnography in Older Women: The SOF Study
Blackwell, T., Redline, S. S., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Schneider, J. L., Surovec, S. A., Johnson, N. L., Cauley, J. A., & Stone, K. L. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.2.283 · Cited by 292
Sleep quality and presleep arousal in chronic pain
Smith, M. T., Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. S., Giles, D. E., & Carmody, T. P. (2000) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1005444719169 · Cited by 302
“These five predictors were simultaneously regressed on to the PSQI Global Score.”
MethodResultInfluential
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Exercise on Sleep
Singh, N. A., Clements, K. M., & Fiatarone, M. A. (1997) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.2.95 · Cited by 291
Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults: Associated Factors and Gender Differences
Jaussent, I., Dauvilliers, Y., Ancelin, M.-L., Dartigues, J.-F., Tavernier, B., Touchon, J., Ritchie, K., & Besset, A. (2011) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181e049b6 · Cited by 286
“Regarding sleep characteristics, women reported more frequently use of sleep medication and for longer periods (median [IQR] was 8 years [2-16] versus 5 years [2-15] in men, MannWhitney Test z=-4.”
Background
The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: Design and Methods
Fielding, R. A., Rejeski, W. J., Blair, S. N., Church, T. S., Espeland, M. A., Gill, T. M., Guralnik, J. M., Hsu, F.-C., Katula, J. A., King, A. C., et al. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr123 · Cited by 288
Circadian and sleep disturbances in the elderly
Someren, E. J. W. V. (2000) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00191-1 · Cited by 284
Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality and Aging in the Sleep Heart Health Study
Unruh, M. L., Redline, S. S., An, M., Buysse, D. J., Nieto, F. J., Yeh, J.-L., & Newman, A. B. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01755.x · Cited by 271
Self-citation
Sleep Quality and 1-Year Incident Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Potvin, O., Lorrain, D., Forget, H., Dubé, M., Grenier, S., Préville, M., & Hudon, C. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1732 · Cited by 278
“69-71 Subjectively poor sleepers tend to estimate shorter sleep duration, and men appear to show more divergence between subjective and objective sleep duration than women.”
Background
Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Högl, B., Arnulf, I., Comella, C. L., Ferreira, J. J., Iranzo, Á., Tilley, B. C., Trenkwalder, C., Poewe, W. H., Rascol, O., Sampaio, C., et al. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23190 · Cited by 269
The impact of chronic low back pain on older adults: A comparative study of patients and controls
Rudy, T. E., Weiner, D. K., Lieber, S. J., Slaboda, J. C., & Boston, R. J. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.012 · Cited by 264
“Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989; Buysse et al., 1991).”
Method
Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials
Sweetman, A., Lack, L., & Bastien, C. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9120371 · Cited by 253
How Age and Daytime Activities Are Related to Insomnia in the General Population: Consequences for Older People
Ohayon, M. M., Zulley, J., Guilleminault, C., Smirne, S., & Priest, R. G. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49077.x · Cited by 254
Large-scale wearable data reveal digital phenotypes for daily-life stress detection
Smets, E., Rios Velazquez, E., Schiavone, G., Chakroun, I., D’Hondt, E., De Raedt, W., Cornelis, J., Janssens, O., Van Hoecke, S., Claes, S., et al. (2018) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-018-0074-9 · Cited by 250
Effects of moderate-intensity exercise on polysomnographic and subjective sleep quality in older adults with mild to moderate sleep complaints
King, A. C., Pruitt, L. A., Woo, S., Castro, C. M., Ahn, D. K., Vitiello, M. V., Woodward, S. H., & Bliwise, D. L. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.9.997 · Cited by 246
Sustained Use of CPAP Slows Deterioration of Cognition, Sleep, and Mood in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Study
Cooke, J. R., Ayalon, L., Palmer, B. W., Loredo, J. S., Corey‐Bloom, J., Natarajan, L., Liu, L., & Ancoli‐Israel, S. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27538 · Cited by 244
Analysis of Psychological and Sleep Status and Exercise Rehabilitation of Front-Line Clinical Staff in the Fight Against COVID-19 in China
Wu, K., & Wei, X. (2020) · Medical science monitor basic research/Medical science monitor. Basic research · doi:10.12659/msmbr.924085 · Cited by 272
“The PSQI is mainly aimed at the sleep quality of an individual in the recent 1 month [9,10].”
Background
Effects of physical activity programs on sleep outcomes in older adults: a systematic review
Vanderlinden, J., Boen, F., & van Uffelen, J. G. Z. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-0913-3 · Cited by 242
Sleep loss affects vigilance: effects of chronic insomnia and sleep therapy
Altena, E., van der Werf, Y. D., STRIJERS, R. L. M., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00671.x · Cited by 227
Basal circadian and pulsatile ACTH and cortisol secretion in patients with fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome
Crofford, L. J., Young, E. A., Engleberg, N. C., Korszun, A., Brucksch, C. B., McClure, L. A., Brown, M. B., & Demitrack, M. A. (2004) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.12.011 · Cited by 234
“The PSQI was applied to determine the degree of impaired sleep (Buysse et al., 1991).”
Method
Women's sleep in health and disease
Dzaja, A., Arber, S., Hislop, J., Kerkhofs, M., Kopp, C., Pollmächer, T., Polo‐Kantola, P., Skene, D. J., Stenuit, P., Tobler, I., et al. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.05.008 · Cited by 227
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) responses are modulated by total sleep time and wake after sleep onset in healthy older adults
Zitser, J., Allen, I., Falgàs, N., Le, M. M., Neylan, T., Kramer, J., & Walsh, C. M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270095 · Cited by 214
Sleep, fatigue, depression, and circadian activity rhythms in women with breast cancer before and after treatment: a 1-year longitudinal study
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Liu, L., Rissling, M. B., Natarajan, L., Neikrug, A. B., Palmer, B. W., Mills, P. J., Parker, B. A., Sadler, G. R., & Maglione, J. E. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2204-5 · Cited by 226
“The PSQI is a 19- item questionnaire that has been demonstrated to have high internal consistency (0.83), test-retest reliability (0.85), and diagnostic validity.”
Influential
Prevalence and risk factors of poor sleep quality among Chinese elderly in an urban community: results from the Shanghai aging study
Luo, J., Zhu, G., Zhao, Q., Guo, Q., Meng, H., Hong, Z., & Ding, D. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081261 · Cited by 219
“The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was designed to evaluate sleep quality through 19 items on multiple dimensions of sleep over a 1-month period [25,26].”
Method
Prevalence of insomnia among Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a population‐based study
Wong, W. S., & Fielding, R. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00822.x · Cited by 220
iSleep: unobtrusive sleep quality monitoring using smartphones
Hao, T., Xing, G., & Zhou, G. (2013) · Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems · doi:10.1145/2517351.2517359 · Cited by 216
“PSQI has been shown useful in numerous studies [9] [13] over a variety of populations.”
Method
Gender and Regional Differences in Sleep Quality and Insomnia: A General Population-based Study in Hunan Province of China
Tang, J., Liao, Y., Kelly, B. C., Xie, L., Xiang, Y., Qi, C., Pan, C., Hao, W., Liu, T., Zhang, F., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43690 · Cited by 216
Sleep, Fatigue, and Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors and Matched Healthy Women Experiencing Hot Flashes
Carpenter, J. S., Elam, J. L., Ridner, S. H., Carney, P., Cherry, G., & Cucullu, H. L. (2004) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/04.onf.591-598 · Cited by 215
“Using the PSQI, women were grouped into good and poor sleepers using the previously established cutoff score of 5 or higher to indicate poor sleep quality and high sleep disturbance (Buysse et al., 1989). The majority of women in each group (73% of breast cancer survivors and 67% of healthy women) had global scores ab…”
BackgroundMethod
The association between sleep quality and quality of life: a population-based study
Lee, S.-J., Kim, J. H., & Chung, J. H. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.022 · Cited by 223
Tailored lighting intervention improves measures of sleep, depression, and agitation in persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia living in long-term care facilities
Figueiro, M., Plitnick, B., Lok, A., Jones, G., Higgins, P., Hornick, T., & Rea, M. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s68557 · Cited by 211
When a gold standard isn’t so golden: Lack of prediction of subjective sleep quality from sleep polysomnography
Kaplan, K. A., Hirshman, J., Hernandez, B., Stefanick, M. L., Hoffman, A. R., Redline, S. S., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Stone, K. L., Friedman, L., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.010 · Cited by 208
“Interestingly, although objective sleep deteriorates and rates of sleep disturbances increase, some studies indicate that older individuals rate their sleep quality similarly to or better than younger cohorts [14, 23].”
Background
Measures of sleep: The Insomnia Severity Index, Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PSD), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Smith, M. T., & Wegener, S. T. (2003) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.11409 · Cited by 200
Toss 'n' turn
Min, J.-K., Doryab, A., Wiese, J., Amini, S., Zimmerman, J., & Hong, J. (2014) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2556288.2557220 · Cited by 203
Sleep complaints cosegregate with illness in older adults
Vitiello, M. V., Moe, K. E., & Prinz, P. N. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00435-x · Cited by 201
“[23], in their study of 44 healthy older men and women, have suggested that healthy older individuals appear to adapt their perception of what is ‘‘acceptable’’ sleep and, therefore, do not necessarily complain of disturbed sleep, despite the fact of their objectively measured sleep being significantly more disturbed…”
Background
Relationship Between Insomnia, Depression, and Mortality: A 12-Year Follow-Up of Older Adults in the Community
Mallon, L., Broman, J., & Hetta, J. E. (2000) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610200006414 · Cited by 199
Comparison of subjective and objective assessments of sleep in healthy older subjects without sleep complaints
O'DONNELL, D., Silva, E. J., Münch, M. Y., Ronda, J. M., WANG, W., & Duffy, J. F. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00719.x · Cited by 190
Demographic factors, fatigue, and driving accidents: An examination of the published literature
Milia, L. V. D., Smolensky, M. H., Costa, G., Howarth, H. D., Ohayon, M. M., & Philip, P. (2010) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.018 · Cited by 206
Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women With Vasomotor Symptoms
McCurry, S. M., Guthrie, K. A., Morin, C. M., Woods, N. F., Landis, C. A., Ensrud, K. E., Larson, J. C., Joffe, H., Cohen, L. S., Hunt, J. R., et al. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1795 · Cited by 201
Impact and Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality in Japanese White-Collar Employees
Doi, Y., Minowa, M., & Tango, T. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.4.467 · Cited by 186
Insomnia Screening in Postacute Traumatic Brain Injury
Fichtenberg, N. L., Putnam, S. H., Mann, N. R., ZAFONTE, R. D., & Millard, A. E. (2001) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-200105000-00003 · Cited by 187
“The following seven component scores address critical sleep assessment characteristics as reported by the patient: (1) subjective sleep; (2) sleep-onset latency; (3) total amount of sleep; (4) sleep efficiency; (5) specific sleep disturbances; (6) use of sleep medication; and (7) daytime dysfunction.”
Napping and 24‐Hour Sleep/Wake Patterns in Healthy Elderly and Young Adults
Buysse, D. J., Browman, K. E., Monk, T. H., Reynolds, C. F., Fasiczka, A. L., & Kupfer, D. J. (1992) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01849.x · Cited by 183
Self-citation
Age and Sleep Disturbances Among American Men And Women: Data From the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Grandner, M. A., Martin, J. L., Patel, N. P., JACKSON, N. J., Gehrman, P., Pien, G. W., Perlis, M. L., Xie, D., Sha, D., Weaver, T. E., et al. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1704 · Cited by 183
Short-term improvement in insomnia symptoms predicts long-term improvements in sleep, pain, and fatigue in older adults with comorbid osteoarthritis and insomnia
Vitiello, M. V., McCurry, S. M., Shortreed, S. M., Baker, L. D., Rybarczyk, B. D., Keefe, F. J., & Von Korff, M. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.032 · Cited by 171
Pain, Sleep Disturbance, and Fatigue in Patients With Cancer: Using a Mediation Model to Test a Symptom Cluster
Beck, S. L., Dudley, W. N., & Barsevick, A. M. (2005) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/05.onf.e48-e55 · Cited by 168
“The PSQI has reliability and validity when used in older adults (Buysse et al., 1991; Gentili, Weiner, Kuchibhatla, & Edinger, 1995), bereaved spouses (Reynolds et al.”
Method
Pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue in patients with cancer: using a mediation model to test a symptom cluster.
Beck, S. L., Dudley, W. N., & Barsevick, A. M. (2005) · PubMed · doi:10.1188/04.onf.e48-e55 · Cited by 167
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND SLEEP IN HUMAN AGING
Someren, E. J. W. V. (2000) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-100101046 · Cited by 167
“…Inc. www.dekker.com Epidemiologic studies indicate that 40% to 70% of the elderly population suffer from chronic sleep disturbances (Fry 1987; Buysse et al. 1991; Campbell et al. 1993; Middelkoop et al. 1994; Cutler et al. 1997; Maggi et al. 1998; Uchimura et al. 1998), and only about 20%…”
Background
Isolated nocturnal desaturation in COPD: prevalence and impact on quality of life and sleep
Lewis, C. A., Fergusson, W., Eaton, T., Zeng, I. S. L., & Kolbe, J. (2008) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2007.088930 · Cited by 159
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and sleep hygiene in fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial
Martínez, M. P., Miró, E., Sánchez, A. I., Díaz-Piedra, C., Cáliz, R., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Buela-Casal, G. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-013-9520-y · Cited by 161
Morning or evening activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults
Benloucif, S., Orbeta, L., Ortiz, R., Janssen, I., Finkel, S. I., Bleiberg, J., & Zee, P. C. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.8.1542 · Cited by 160
The MRC National Survey of Health and Development reaches age 70: maintaining participation at older ages in a birth cohort study
Kuh, D. J., Wong, A., Shah, I., Moore, A., Popham, M., Curran, P., Davis, D. H. J., Sharma, N., Richards, M., Stafford, M., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0217-8 · Cited by 160
“PQ postal questionnaire, CV clinic visit, HV home visit a Maximum samples are participants with data from PQ and CV or HV at age 60–64 needed to distinguish those with up to 13 clinical disorders b Those with items missing not included in calculation of p value c Chronic pain assessed using criteria by American Colleg…”
Method
Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes
Driller, M. W., Mah, C. D., & Halson, S. L. (2018) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20180009 · Cited by 187
“Some of these include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 17 , the Sleep Hygiene Index 18 , and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale 19 .”
Background
Time to rethink sleep quality: PSQI scores reflect sleep quality on workdays
Pilz, L. K., Keller, L. K., Lenssen, D., & Roenneberg, T. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy029 · Cited by 157
Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a role in post-chemotherapy cerebral dysfunction?
Ganz, P. A., Bower, J. E., Kwan, L. C., Castellon, S. A., Silverman, D. H. S., Geist, C. L., Breen, E. C., Irwin, M. R., & Cole, S. W. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.015 · Cited by 165
“Subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a 19-item questionnaire with high internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and diagnostic validity with insomnia diagnosis (Buysse et al., 1991).”
Method
Sleep quality in hospitalized patients
Doğan, O., Ertekin, S., & Doğan, S. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01011.x · Cited by 154
Association between Sleep Behavior and Sleep‐Related Factors among University Students in Hong Kong
Suen, L. K. P., Hon, K. E., & Tam, W. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802397186 · Cited by 151
“Numerous studies using the PSQI support its high validity and reliability (Buysse et al., 1989, 1991; Morgan et al., 1988).”
Method
Quetiapine Treatment in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Open Trial of Adjunctive Therapy
Hamner, M. B., Deitsch, S. E., Brodrick, P. S., Ulmer, H. G., & Lorberbaum, J. P. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-200302000-00003 · Cited by 147
Sleep Complaints, Subjective and Objective Sleep Patterns, Health, Psychological Adjustment, and Daytime Functioning in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
McCrae, C. S., Rowe, M., Tierney, C. G., Dautovich, N. D., DeFinis, A. L., & McNamara, J. P. H. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.4.p182 · Cited by 145
Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances in Community‐Dwelling Older Men
Paudel, M. L., Taylor, B. C., Diem, S. J., Stone, K. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Redline, S. S., Ensrud, K. E., & for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01753.x · Cited by 151
Sleep disturbances among Chinese clinical nurses in general hospitals and its influencing factors
Dong, H., Zhang, Q., Sun, Z., Sang, F., & Xu, Y. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1402-3 · Cited by 156
Self‐Reported Sleep and Nap Habits and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Older Women
Stone, K. L., Ewing, S. K., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Ensrud, K. E., Redline, S. S., Bauer, D. C., Cauley, J. A., Hillier, T. A., & Cummings, S. R. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02171.x · Cited by 142
Fatigue after breast cancer treatment: Biobehavioral predictors of fatigue trajectories.
Bower, J. E., Wiley, J. F., Petersen, L., Irwin, M. R., Cole, S. W., & Ganz, P. A. (2018) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000652 · Cited by 137
Validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Hebrew translation (PSQI-H) in a sleep clinic sample.
Shochat, T., Tzischinsky, O., Oksenberg, A., & Peled, R. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 136
Socioeconomic Status Predicts Objective and Subjective Sleep Quality in Aging Women
Friedman, E., Love, G., Rosenkranz, M. A., Urry, H., Davidson, R., Singer, B., & Ryff, C. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31814ceada · Cited by 145
“The PSQI has well-established reliability and validity for the assessment of sleep in younger and older adults (11,33,34) and is widely used in clinical research.”
Method
The Relationship Between Lifestyle Regularity and Subjective Sleep Quality
Monk, T. H., Reynolds, C. F., Buysse, D. J., DeGrazia, J. M., & Kupfer, D. J. (2003) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120017812 · Cited by 132
“Subsequent studies in our institution have used the PSQI in studies of maintenance treatment response in late-life depression (Reynolds et al., 1997a,b), sleep disorders consequent upon bereavement (Pasternak et al., 1992), and the effects of aging (Buysse et al., 1991).”
MethodSelf-citation
Depressive Symptoms and Subjective and Objective Sleep in Community‐Dwelling Older Women
Maglione, J. E., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Peters, K. W., Paudel, M. L., Yaffe, K. S., Ensrud, K. E., & Stone, K. L. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03908.x · Cited by 132
Subjective–objective sleep discrepancy among older adults: associations with insomnia diagnosis and insomnia treatment
Kay, D. B., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Hall, M. H., & Monk, T. H. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12220 · Cited by 146
Self-citation
Partners of patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome: effect of CPAP treatment on sleep quality and quality of life
McArdle, N., Kingshott, R., Engleman, H. M., Mackay, T. W., & Douglas, N. J. (2001) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.56.7.513 · Cited by 147
Testing the Reliability and Validity of DSM-IV-TR and ICSD-2 Insomnia Diagnoses
Edinger, J. D. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.64 · Cited by 130
Sleep compression and sleep education for older insomniacs: self-help versus therapist guidance.
Riedel, B. W., Lichstein, K., & Dwyer, W. (1995) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.10.1.54 · Cited by 146
Self-report measures of insomnia in adults: rationales, choices, and needs
Moul, D. E., Hall, M. H., Pilkonis, P. A., & Buysse, D. J. (2004) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(03)00060-1 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Physical Activity, Sleep and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Influence of Physical, Mental and Social Well-being
Gothe, N. P., Ehlers, D. K., Salerno, E. A., Fanning, J., Kramer, A. F., & McAuley, E. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2019.1690493 · Cited by 125
“A PSQI global score >5 is considered to be an indicator of sleep disturbance (Buysse et al., 1991).”
Background
Sleep Habits and Insomnia in a Sample of Elderly Persons in China
Liu, X., & Liu, L. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.12.1579 · Cited by 128
The Effect of Exercise on Sleep and Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Durcan, L., Wilson, F., & Cunnane, G. (2014) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.131282 · Cited by 121

Authors: Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Hoch, C. C., Yeager, A. L., & Kupfer, D. J.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Daniel J. Buysse
ORCID: Daniel J. Buysse
Charles F. Reynolds
Amy L. Yeager
David J. Kupfer
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1991-07-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 331-8
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/14.4.331
OpenAlex: W1704280769
Cited by: 874
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 4.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5p01ag006836-04)
National Institute on Aging (AG 06836)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-00295, MH-37869, R01MH037869)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: subjective sleep quality, aging, older adults, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, healthy older adults, sleep perception, sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, medication use, sex differences
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Arousal, Attitude to Health, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Quantification of Subjective Sleep Quality in Healthy Elderly Men and Women Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks