Cited by 328Sleep and related disordersInfant Health and DevelopmentCircadian rhythm and melatonin

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Nightly Bedtime Routine: Impact on Sleep in Young Children and Maternal Mood

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Establishment of a consistent bedtime routine is often recommended to parents of young children, especially those with sleep difficulties. However, no studies have investigated the efficacy of such a routine independent of behavioral intervention. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a consistent bedtime routine on infant and toddler sleep, as well as maternal mood. METHODS: 405 mothers and their infant or toddler (ages 7-18 months, n=206; ages 18-36 months, n=199) participated in 2 age-specific 3-week studies. Families were randomly assigned to a routine or control group. The first week of the study served as a baseline during which the mothers were instructed to follow their child's usual bedtime routine. In the second and third weeks, mothers in the routine group were instructed to conduct a specific bedtime routine, while the control group continued their child's usual routine. All mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) on a weekly basis and a daily sleep diary, as well as completed the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: The bedtime routine resulted in significant reductions in problematic sleep behaviors for infants and toddlers. Significant improvements were seen in latency to sleep onset and in number/duration of night wakings, P < 0.001. Sleep continuity increased and there was a significant decrease in the number of mothers who rated their child's sleep as problematic. Maternal mood state also significantly improved. Control group sleep patterns and maternal mood did not significantly change over the 3-week study period. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that instituting a consistent nightly bedtime routine, in and of itself, is beneficial in improving multiple aspects of infant and toddler sleep, especially wakefulness after sleep onset and sleep continuity, as well as maternal mood.

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  1. [7]7. Gordon BN. Parenting practices. In: Ollendick TH, Schroeder TS (eds.). Encyclopedia of clinical child and pediatric psychology. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, 2003; 447-51.

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Metadata

Authors
Mindell, J. A., Telofski, L. S., Wiegand, B., & Kurtz, E. S.
Affiliations
  • Saint Joseph's University (US)
  • Johnson & Johnson (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Mindell, Jodi A.
Venue
Sleep
Published
2009-05
Volume
32
Issue
5
Pages
599-606
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
OpenAlex
W1951088872
Cited by
328
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 22
FWCI
25.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords
bedtime routines, infant sleep, toddler sleep, sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings, sleep continuity, maternal mood, sleep disorders, young children
MeSH terms
Affect, Behavior Therapy, Ceremonial Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Habits, Humans, Infant, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers

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