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Phylogenomic Systematics of Ostariophysan Fishes: Ultraconserved Elements Support the Surprising Non-Monophyly of Characiformes
Abstract
Ostariophysi is a superorder of bony fishes including more than 10,300 species in 1100 genera and 70 families. This superorder is traditionally divided into five major groups (orders): Gonorynchiformes (milkfishes and sandfishes), Cypriniformes (carps and minnows), Characiformes (tetras and their allies), Siluriformes (catfishes), and Gymnotiformes (electric knifefishes). Unambiguous resolution of the relationships among these lineages remains elusive, with previous molecular and morphological analyses failing to produce a consensus phylogeny. In this study, we use over 350 ultraconserved element (UCEs) loci comprising 5 million base pairs collected across 35 representative ostariophysan species to compile one of the most data-rich phylogenies of fishes to date. We use these data to infer higher level (interordinal) relationships among ostariophysan fishes, focusing on the monophyly of the Characiformes-one of the most contentiously debated groups in fish systematics. As with most previous molecular studies, we recover a non-monophyletic Characiformes with the two monophyletic suborders, Citharinoidei and Characoidei, more closely related to other ostariophysan clades than to each other. We also explore incongruence between results from different UCE data sets, issues of orthology, and the use of morphological characters in combination with our molecular data. [Conserved sequence; ichthyology; massively parallel sequencing; morphology; next-generation sequencing; UCEs.].
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Although molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated frequent discordance between molecular data and morphological expectations, the monophyly of Siluriphysi has generally been maintained in traditional interpretations from early single-locus analyses to recent multiple genomic-scale loci, primarily to conform to morphological predictions.
“Although numerous molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated frequent discordance between molecular data and morphological expectations, the monophyly of Siluriphysi has generally been maintained in traditional interpretations, from early single-locus analyses48 to recent multiple genomic-scale loci,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56 primarily to conform to morphological predictions.”
From A genomic compendium of hundreds of teleost fishes reveals their evolutionary landscape (2026) · cites this paper as [51]
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A genomic compendium of hundreds of teleost fishes reveals their evolutionary landscape
Song, Y., Yuan, Z., Fang, C., Zhang, S., Yang, L., Hu, M., Seim, I., Liu, S., Tian, X., Wang, C., et al. (2026) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101177 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Chakrabarty, P., Faircloth, B. C., Alda, F., Ludt, W. B., Mcmahan, C. D., Near, T. J., Dornburg, A., Albert, J. S., Arroyave, J., Stiassny, M. L. J., Sorenson, L., & Alfaro, M. E.
- Venue
- Systematic Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-02-27
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 881-895
- ISSN
- 1063-5157
- 1076-836X
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 7
- Language
- en
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