The effect of limited availability of N or water on C allocation to fine roots and annual fine root turnover in Alnus incana and Salix viminalis
Abstract
The effect of limited nitrogen (N) or water availability on fine root growth and turnover was examined in two deciduous species, Alnus incana L. and Salix viminalis L., grown under three different regimes: (i) supply of N and water in amounts which would not hamper growth, (ii) limited N supply and (iii) limited water supply. Plants were grown outdoors during three seasons in covered and buried lysimeters placed in a stand structure and filled with quartz sand. Computer-controlled irrigation and fertilization were supplied through drip tubes. Production and turnover of fine roots were estimated by combining minirhizotron observations and core sampling, or by sequential core sampling. Annual turnover rates of fine roots <1 mm (5-6 year(-1)) and 1-2 mm (0.9-2.8 year(-1)) were not affected by changes in N or water availability. Fine root production (<1 mm) differed between Alnus and Salix, and between treatments in Salix; i.e., absolute length and biomass production increased in the order: water limited < unlimited < N limited. Few treatment effects were detected for fine roots 1-2 mm. Proportionally more C was allocated to fine roots (≤2 mm) in N or water-limited Salix; 2.7 and 2.3 times the allocation to fine roots in the unlimited regime, respectively. Estimated input to soil organic carbon increased by ca. 20% at N limitation in Salix. However, future studies on fine root decomposition under various environmental conditions are required. Fine root growth responses to N or water limitation were less pronounced in Alnus, thus indicating species differences caused by N-fixing capacity and slower initial growth in Alnus, or higher fine root plasticity in Salix. A similar seasonal growth pattern across species and treatments suggested the influence of outer stimuli, such as temperature and light.
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Values for fine roots from willow and poplar grown as short-rotation forestry are lower than for short-rotation coppice.
“Several authors investigated fine roots from willow and poplar grown as SRC [5, 30, 81, 82, 88, 89] and SRF [72, 90–93], values for the latter being lower (Table 1).”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
Data for carbon inputs from belowground biomass are difficult to interpret, especially for roots, because they are based on many single observations rather than time series.
“Data for C inputs from BGB are difficult to interpret, especially for roots because they are based on many single observations [45, 61, 62, 64, 80] rather than time series [26, 32, 81–83].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
About 20% of short-rotation coppice poplar biomass was allocated to structural roots, which may contribute significantly to biomass carbon, while fine roots contribute to soil organic carbon due to faster turnover.
“It was suggested that about 20 % of SRC poplar biomass was allocated to structural roots [95] which may contribute significantly to biomass C, whilst fine roots contribute to SOC due to their faster turnover compared to structural components [26, 82].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
A small number of studies using isotopes, model systems and field sampling allow scaling of mean residence times to in situ rates.
“However, a small number of studies using isotopes [109], model systems [110, 111] and field sampling [32, 81, 82] allow their scaling to in situ rates.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
Coarse roots represent a variable fraction of the root biomass (10 and 40%), but much smaller values emerged recently.
“Coarse roots (CR) represent a variable fraction of the root biomass (10 and 40 %; [58, 99]), but much smaller values emerged recently [82].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
Inputs were often based on snapshots, while detailed time series were the exception, especially with regard to root production and turnover.
“It is important to realise that inputs were often based on snapshots, whilst detailed time series were the exception, especially with regard to root production and turnover [32, 81, 82].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
Very coarse anchoring roots are likely to have a long mean residence time, such as the lifetime of the stand, but there are no reports on decomposition of those.
“Very coarse, anchoring roots are likely to have a long MRT (e.g. lifetime of the stand), but there are no reports on decomposition of those [81, 82, 99].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
The analogue in short-rotation woody crop systems is coarse roots (1-2 mm) with longer mean residence time or woody roots, the stump or stool, for which no evidence of turnover and retention exists.
“The analogue in the SRWC system is to be found in the coarse roots (1–2 mm) with longer MRT [82] or woody roots, the stump or stool [4] for which no evidence of turnover and retention exists.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
The annual average carbon input to the soil as fine root under short-rotation woody crops is between 0.4 and 1 Mg C ha−1 year−1, but their fast turnover diminishes the contribution to soil organic carbon storage and retention to about 10%.
“The annual average C input to the soil as fine root under SRWC is between 0.4 and 1 Mg C ha−1 year−1, but their fast turnover is diminishing the contribution to SOC storage and retention to about 10 % [82].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
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Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out?
Agostini, F., Gregory, A. S., & Richter, G. M. (2015) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-014-9571-0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rytter, R.-M.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Rytter, R.-M.
- ORCID
- Rytter, R.-M.
- Venue
- Tree Physiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-08-20
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 924-939
- ISSN
- 0829-318X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-4469
- OpenAlex
- W2120822694
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tree Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Energimyndigheten
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- fine roots, fine root turnover, carbon allocation, nitrogen limitation, water limitation, Alnus incana, Salix viminalis, deciduous trees, fine root production, root plasticity, nitrogen fixation, seasonal variation
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Nitrogen, Seasons, Soil, Sweden, Water, Plant Roots, Biomass, Plant Stems, Alnus, Salix, Root Nodules, Plant
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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