The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
In utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely used to treat pregnant women through 1971. The reproductive tracts of their female offspring exposed to DES in utero are characterized by anatomic abnormalities. Here we show that DES administered to mice in utero produces changes in the expression pattern of several Hox genes that are involved in patterning of the reproductive tract. DES produces posterior shifts in Hox gene expression and ho‐meotic anterior transformations of the reproductive tract. In human uterine or cervical cell cultures, DES induces HOXA9 or HOXA10 gene expression, respectively, to levels approximately twofold that induced by estradiol. The DES‐induced expression is not inhibited by cyclohexamide. Estrogens are novel morphogens that directly regulate the expression pattern of posterior Hox genes in a manner analogous to retinoic acid regulation of anterior Hox genes. Alterations in HOX gene expression are a molecular mechanism by which DES affects reproductive tract development. Changes in Hox gene expression are a potential marker for the effects of in utero drug use that may become apparent only at late stages of development.—Block, K., Kardana, A., Igarashi, P., Taylor, H. S. In utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system. FASEB J. 14, 1101–1108 (2000)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF STEROID/THYROID RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBERS
Tsai, M.-J., & O'Malley, B. W. (1994) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.002315 · Cited by 2,932
Shiau, A. K., Barstad, D., Loria, P. M., Cheng, L., Kushner, P. J., Agard, D. A., & Greene, G. L. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81717-1 · Cited by 2,729
Herbst, A. L., Ulfelder, H., & Poskanzer, D. C. (1971) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197104222841604 · Cited by 2,520
Estrogen Resistance Caused by a Mutation in the Estrogen-Receptor Gene in a Man
Smith, E. P., Boyd, J., Frank, G. R., Takahashi, H., Cohen, R. M., Specker, B., Williams, T. C., Lubahn, D. B., & Korach, K. S. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410203311604 · Cited by 2,471
Hox genes in vertebrate development
Krumlauf, R. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90290-9 · Cited by 2,073
Steroid hormone receptors: Many Actors in search of a plot
Beato, M., Herrlich, P., & Schütz, G. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90201-5 · Cited by 1,823
Nuclear receptor coactivators and corepressors
Horwitz, K. B. (1996) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.10.10.1167 · Cited by 942
Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor’s ligand binding domains
Tanenbaum, D. M., Wang, Y., Williams, S. P., & Sigler, P. B. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.5998 · Cited by 738
Glass, C. K., Rose, D. W., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (1997) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80066-x · Cited by 698
Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor
Korach, K. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7985022 · Cited by 578
Cited by
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Bourguignon, J.-P., Giudice, L. C., Hauser, R., Prins, G. S., Soto, A. M., Zoeller, R. T., & Gore, A. C. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0002 · Cited by 4,585
La Merrill, M. A., Vandenberg, L. N., Smith, M. T., Goodson, W., Browne, P., Patisaul, H. B., Guyton, K. Z., Kortenkamp, A., Cogliano, V. J., Woodruff, T. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0273-8 · Cited by 1,005
Endocrine Regulation of HOX Genes
Daftary, G. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0018 · Cited by 344
Self-citationDoherty, L. F., Bromer, J. G., Zhou, Y., Aldad, T. S., & Taylor, H. S. (2010) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-010-0015-9 · Cited by 338
Self-citationStreet, M. E., Angelini, S., Bernasconi, S., Burgio, E., Cassio, A., Catellani, C., Cirillo, F., Deodati, A., Fabbrizi, E., Fanos, V., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19061647 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Block, K., Kardana, A., Igarashi, P., & Taylor, H. S.
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1101-1108
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W1756010385
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: In utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1101
- The paper
- Block, K., Kardana, A., Igarashi, P., & Taylor, H. S. (2000). In utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure alters Hox gene expression in the developing mullerian system. The FASEB Journal. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1101
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
