Cited by 4,585Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsEstrogen and related hormone effectsSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

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Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia, Bourguignon, Jean-Pierre, Giudice, Linda C., Hauser, Russ, Prins, Gail S., Soto, Ana M., Zoeller, R. Thomas, Gore, Andrea C.·2009·Endocrine Reviews

Abstract

There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness.

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Crossref · 10.1210/er.2009-0002

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  • Many endocrine disruptors may affect transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors by competitively binding with the ligand binding domain, modifying coactivator activity, and dissociating corepressors.

    “Many endocrine disruptors may affect the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors by changing the action of competitively binding with ligand biding domain, which may modify coactivator activity and dissociate corepressors that reduce deacetylases action.”
  • Some endocrine disruptors may activate phosphorylation of proteins.

    “Furthermore, some of them may activate the phosphorylation of proteins [151, 152].”
  • Some endocrine disruptors may modify DNA methylation in the regulatory region of specific genes.

    “Some endocrine disruptors may also modify DNA methylation in the regulatory region of specific genes.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Delange F 1989 Cassava and the thyroid. In: Gaitan E, ed. Environmental goitrogenesis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.; 173-194 319.
  2. Robbins J 2000 Thyroid hormone transport proteins and the physiology of hormone binding. In: Braverman L, Uti- ger R, eds. Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 105-120 348.

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Authors
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Bourguignon, J.-P., Giudice, L. C., Hauser, R., Prins, G. S., Soto, A. M., Zoeller, R. T., & Gore, A. C.
Affiliations
  • Endocrine Section of First Department of Medicine (E.D.-K.), Laiko Hospital, Medical School University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (BE)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
Gore, Andrea C.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Published
2009-06-01
Volume
30
Issue
4
Pages
293-342
ISSN
  • 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7189
OpenAlex
W2165700542
Cited by
4,585
References
489
Citations by year
2026: 226 · 2025: 300 · 2024: 294 · 2023: 314 · 2022: 313 · 2021: 405 · 2020: 333 · 2019: 266 · 2018: 314 · 2017: 283 · 2016: 273 · 2015: 278 · 2014: 276 · 2013: 220 · 2012: 188
FWCI
114.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Texas at Austin
  • European Commission
  • National Institutes of Health (ES07784)
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES 09718, #ES07784, ES08314, R01ES009718, ES-015584, R21ES015182, R01ES008314, ES01230, ES015182, P30ES007784, R01ES015584)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords
endocrine disruptors, reproductive toxicity, breast cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid function, obesity, estrogenic activity, antiandrogenic activity, PPARγ, nuclear receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, neurotransmitter receptors, precautionary principle, public policy
MeSH terms
Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrine System Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Public Health, Reproductive Medicine, Endocrine Disruptors

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