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Cited by 414Vitamin D Research StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 217 of the 217 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism

Patrick, Rhonda P., Ames, Bruce N.·2014·The FASEB Journal
DOI 10.1096/fj.13-246546
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Abstract

Serotonin and vitamin D have been proposed to play a role in autism; however, no causal mechanism has been established. Here, we present evidence that vitamin D hormone (calcitriol) activates the transcription of the serotonin‐synthesizing gene tryptophan hydroxylase 2 ( TPH2 ) in the brain at a vitamin D response element (VDRE) and represses the transcription of TPH1 in tissues outside the blood‐brain barrier at a distinct VDRE. The proposed mechanism explains 4 major characteristics associated with autism: the low concentrations of serotonin in the brain and its elevated concentrations in tissues outside the blood‐brain barrier; the low concentrations of the vitamin D hormone precursor 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D 3 ]; the high male prevalence of autism; and the presence of maternal antibodies against fetal brain tissue. Two peptide hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, are also associated with autism and genes encoding the oxytocin‐neurophysin I preproprotein, the oxytocin receptor, and the arginine vasopressin receptor contain VDREs for activation. Supplementation with vitamin D and tryptophan is a practical and affordable solution to help prevent autism and possibly ameliorate some symptoms of the disorder.—Patrick, R. P., Ames, B. N. Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: relevance for autism. FASEB J . 28, 2398–2413 (2014). www.fasebj.org

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Crossref · 10.1096/fj.13-246546

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Baio J., 2012, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 1
  2. Minnesota Department of Health, 2009, Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Preschool Children Participating in the Minneapolis Public Schools Early Childhood Special Education Programs
  3. Patrick L., 2005, The effect of essential fatty acid supplementation on language development and learning skills in autism and Asperger's syndrome, Autism Asperger's Digest, 36

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Metadata

Authors
Patrick, R. P., & Ames, B. N.
Affiliations
Nutrition and Metabolism Center Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland California USA
Corresponding author
  • Patrick, Rhonda P.
  • Ames, Bruce N.
Venue
The FASEB Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-02-20
Volume
28
Issue
6
Pages
2398-2413
ISSN
  • 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-6860
DOI
10.1096/fj.13-246546
OpenAlex
W2155876431
Cited by
414
References
217
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 20
FWCI
5.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase 2, tryptophan hydroxylase 1, vitamin D response element, gene transcription, autism spectrum disorder, blood-brain barrier, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, sex differences in autism, maternal antibodies, oxytocin, vasopressin, neurophysin I, vitamin D supplementation, tryptophan
MeSH terms
Animals, Autistic Disorder, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Calcitriol, Digestive System Abnormalities, Diseases in Twins, Estrogens, Female, Fetus, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Models, Biological, Mothers, Oxytocin, Pregnancy, Serotonin, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Autoimmunity, Incidence, Receptors, Calcitriol, Vitamin D Response Element, Black People

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