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Pathologic Features of Prognostic Significance in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Abstract
There are currently no well-established pathologic prognostic factors helpful in distinguishing low versus high grade adrenocortical carcinomas. The effect of 11 pathologic parameters on survival was investigated in 42 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma. Only one variable, mitotic rate, had a strong statistical association with patient outcome. The 21 patients with carcinomas with greater than 20 mitoses per 50 high power fields (hpf) had a median survival of 14 months, whereas the 21 patients with carcinomas with less than or equal to 20 mitoses had a median survival of 58 months (p less than 0.02). The presence of atypical mitoses, capsular invasion, tumor weight greater than 250 g, and size greater than 10 cm each showed a marginal statistical association with poor survival (p less than 0.06), whereas other features assessed, such as nuclear grade, presence of necrosis or of venous or sinusoidal invasion, character of the tumor cell cytoplasm, or architectural pattern, showed no statistical significance in predicting survival. It is proposed that adrenal cortical carcinomas with greater than 20 mitoses be designated high grade, whereas tumors with less than or equal to 20 mitoses be designated low grade.
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“A threshold above a Weiss score of 3 (also on the modified score) was associated with an increased risk of malignant behavior (112).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [112]
In the citing paper
“In the initial study by Weiss, the features with the strongest association to outcome were the mitotic rate >5/50 high powered field, atypical mitoses, and venous invasion (111) and in the second study by Weiss in 1989 the strongest association with patient outcome was the mitotic rate (112).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [112]
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Inactivation of the p16 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Adrenocortical Tumors1
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Management of adrenal neoplasms
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Parviainen, H., Schrade, A., Kiiveri, S., Prunskaite‐Hyyryläinen, R., Haglund, C. H., Vainio, S. J., Wilson, D. B., Arola, J. T., & Heikinheimo, M. (2013) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2013.06.002 · Cited by 25
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“Intraoperative bleeding that necessitated open conversion was mostly the result of vena cava injury during division of the right adrenal vein.(11,23,24) Retroperitoneal hematoma or symptomatic retroperitoneal fluid collections were caused by oozing from the adrenal space.”
Management of adrenocortical carcinoma: are we making progress?
Kiesewetter, B., Riss, P., Scheuba, C., Mazal, P. R., Kretschmer‐Chott, E., Haug, A. R., & Raderer, M. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359211038409 · Cited by 27
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Adrenocortical carcinoma presenting as varicocele and renal vein thrombosis: a case report
Cheungpasitporn, W., Horne, J. M., & Howarth, C. B. (2011) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-337 · Cited by 24
“In the absence of these findings, the Weiss histopathologic system [9,10] is the most commonly used method for assessing the likelihood of malignancy because of its simplicity and reliability.”
MethodOncocytic Adrenocortical Tumors
Bisceglia, M., Ben‐Dor, D., & Pasquinelli, G. (2005) · Pathology Case Reviews · doi:10.1097/01.pcr.0000175102.22075.54 · Cited by 24
“The presence of 2 of these criteria is considered allowable in benign tumors, while the presence of 3 or more criteria is suggestive of malignancy.(47) Subsequently, it was also suggested that some of the above histologic features have precedence over others, and therefore a diagnosis of malignancy may be (probably) w…”
BackgroundMyxoid adrenal cortical neoplasms
Raparia, K., Ayala, A. G., Sienko, A. E., Zhai, Q. “., & Ro, J. Y. (2008) · Annals of Diagnostic Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.04.002 · Cited by 23
“The criteria for malignancy proposed by Weiss in 1984 [12] and restudied in 1989 [13] include combination of the following 9 features: nuclear grade; mitotic rate greater than 5/50 HPFs; atypical mitoses; clear cells comprising 25% or less of the tumor; a diffuse architecture; microscopic necrosis; and invasion of ven…”
Suzuki, S., Minamidate, T., Shiga, A., Ruike, Y., Ishiwata, K., Naito, K., Ishida, A., Deguchi, H., Fujimoto, M., Koide, H., et al. (2020) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-020-00652-y · Cited by 26
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A Diagnostic Approach to Adrenal Cortical Lesions
McNicol, A. M. (2008) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12022-008-9055-x · Cited by 24
“Weiss [23, 24] assessed nine features (Table 1), and the presence of any three of these indicated malignant potential.”
BackgroundBenign cortisol‐secreting adrenocortical adenomas produce small amounts of androgens
Kamenický, P., Houdoin, L., Ferlicot, S., Salenave, S., Brailly, S., Droupy, S., Méduri, G., Sasano, H., Suzuki, T., Young, J., et al. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02810.x · Cited by 24
Porpiglia, F., Fiori, C., Daffara, F., Zaggia, B., Ardito, A., Scarpa, R. M., Papotti, M. G., Berruti, A., Scagliotti, G. V., & Terzolo, M. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-015-0422-4 · Cited by 23
“All histologic diagnoses were confirmed according to the Weiss criteria by experienced pathologists at our center who revised all diagnoses made in other institutions [11, 12].”
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Scintigraphic patterns of adrenocortical carcinoma: morpho-functional correlates
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“Several histological systems have been proposed so far in a trial to predict the biological behaviour of these neoplasms [30-35].”
BackgroundSurgical Outcome of Stage III and IV Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Ohwada, S., Izumi, M., Kawate, S., 浜田, 邦., Toya, H., Togo, N., Horiguchi, J., Koibuchi, Y., Takahashi, T., & Yamada, M. (2007) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/hyl127 · Cited by 22
“As for mitosis, patients with abnormal mitotic figures of more than six per HPF had poor prognostics compared with zero to six (5-year survival of 13% versus 51%) (10), and finally, patients with more than 20 per 50 HPF had negative survival compared with 20 of fewer mitoses (median survival time 14 versus 58 months)…”
Backgroundde Melo-Leite, A. F., Elias, P. C. L., Teixeira, S. R., Tucci, S., Barros, G. E., Antonini, S. R. R., Muglia, V. F., & Elías, J. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2016-0080 · Cited by 22
Guadagno, E., d’Avella, E., Cappabianca, P., Colao, A. A. L., & De, M. D. B. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01275-9 · Cited by 22
Precursor Lesions of the Adrenal Gland
van Nederveen, F. H., & de Krijger, R. R. (2007) · Pathobiology · doi:10.1159/000105811 · Cited by 22
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Prognostic and predictive factors in endocrine tumours
Stephenson, T. J. (2006) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02380.x · Cited by 22
“Weiss examined the prognostic significance of individual features and suggested classification of adrenocortical adenocarcinomas into low- and high-grade types according to mitotic count.(113) There have been attempts to make the prediction of a malignant course more reliable using multivariate analysis and probabilit…”
BackgroundMyxoid adrenal cortical adenoma
Honda, K., Kashima, K., Daa, T., et al. (2001) · Pathology International · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01287.x · Cited by 22
Zerbini, M. C. N., Kozakewich, H. P., Weinberg, D. S., et al. (1992) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02921352 · Cited by 22
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The challenge of developmental therapeutics for adrenocortical carcinoma
da Costa, R. B., Carneiro, B. A., Tavora, F., Pai, S. G., Kaplan, J. B., Chae, Y. K., Chandra, S., Kopp, P. A., & Giles, F. J. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8774 · Cited by 21
“[8-10] The most widely used diagnostic score are known as Weiss criteria, with several updates, and includes the following parameters: mitosis, atypical mitosis, necrosis, venous invasion, sinusal invasion, capsular invasion, nuclear atypia, diffuse architecture, and clear cell change.[8, 9] Molecular analyses have be…”
MethodInfluentialProgress in Endocrine Neoplasia
Wells, S. A. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0384 · Cited by 22
“Accordingly, ACCs were designated as high grade or low grade based on whether they had greater than or less than 20 mitoses per 50 high-powered fields (20).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdrenocortical carcinoma: the dawn of a new era of genomic and molecular biology analysis
Armignacco, R., Cantini, G., Canu, L., Poli, G., Ercolino, T., Mannelli, M., & Luconi, M. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0775-y · Cited by 21
Clinical and molecular prognostic factors in adrenocortical carcinoma
Libé, R. (2018) · Minerva Endocrinology · doi:10.23736/s0391-1977.18.02900-0 · Cited by 21
Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma
Tanaka, K., Kumano, Y., Kanomata, N., et al. (2004) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2004.04.023 · Cited by 21
Co‐secretion of testosterone and cortisol by a functional adrenocortical oncocytoma
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“It is challenging to differentiate benign from malignant adrenal cortical tumours and the histological criteria proposed by Weiss et al.5 have been widely used to assess non-oncocytic tumours.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialProliferation markers and their uses in the study of endocrine tumors
Pelosi, G., & Zamboni, G. (1996) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02739970 · Cited by 21
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant lesions: surgical principles to improve oncologic outcomes
Sroka, G., Slijper, N., Shteinberg, D., Mady, H., Galili, O., & Matter, I. (2013) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-012-2772-8 · Cited by 20
“The most commonly used histological algorithm for ACC is the Weiss score (0–9), which is highly correlated with aggressiveness of the disease and prognosis [10], but this score could only be obtained during complete histological evaluation of the tumor after surgery.”
MethodAldosterone-, Corticosterone- and Cortisol-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Dog: Case Report
MACHIDA, T., Uchida, E., MATSUDA, K., et al. (2008) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.70.317 · Cited by 20
Open vs laparoscopic adrenalectomy for localized adrenocortical carcinoma
Kaštelan, D., Knežević, N., Zibar, K., Alduk, A., Kakarigi, L., Kaštelan, M., Ćorić, M., Skoric‐Polovina, T., Solak, M., Kraljević, I., et al. (2020) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14251 · Cited by 20
“001) and a higher Ki-67 index (16 [1-65] % vs 10 [1-25] %; P = .”
Differentially Expressed Proteins in Malignant and Benign Adrenocortical Tumors
Kjellin, H., Johansson, H. J., Höög, A., Lehtiö, J., Jakobsson, P., & Kjellman, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087951 · Cited by 20
“In cases where these criteria were not fulfilled the histopathological criteria proposed by Weiss was used [37].”
MethodPenny, M. K., Lerário, A. M., Basham, K. J., Chukkapalli, S., Yu, Y., Mohan, D. R., LaPensee, C. R., Converso‐Baran, K., Hoenerhoff, M. J., Suárez–Fernández, L., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15143559 · Cited by 20
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“Clear/vacuolated cytoplasm 48 (5-96) % 50 1.”
Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: a Single Institutional Experience
Owen, D. H., Patel, S. H., Wei, L., Phay, J. E., Shirley, L. A., Kirschner, L. S., Schmidt, C. R., Abdel‐Misih, S., Brock, P. L., Shah, M. H., et al. (2019) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-019-00367-0 · Cited by 20
Myxoid variant of adrenocortical carcinoma: Report of a unique case
Karim, R. Z., Wills, E. J., McCarthy, S. W., & Scolyer, R. A. (2006) · Pathology International · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01929.x · Cited by 19
Androgen- and Estrogen-Secreting Adrenal Cancers
Cavlan, D., Bharwani, N., & Grossman, A. B. (2010) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.10.016 · Cited by 19
A Functioning Black Adenoma of the Adrenal Gland.
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Germline NGS targeted analysis in adult patients with sporadic adrenocortical carcinoma
Scatolini, M., Grisanti, S., Tomaiuolo, P., Grosso, E., Basile, V., Cosentini, D., Puglisi, S., Laganà, M., Perotti, P., Saba, L., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114088 · Cited by 21
Statins Reduce Intratumor Cholesterol Affecting Adrenocortical Cancer Growth
Trotta, F., Avena, P., Chimento, A., Rago, V., Luca, A. D., Sculco, S., Nocito, M. C., Malivindi, R., Fallo, F., Pezzani, R., et al. (2020) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1063 · Cited by 18
“Diagnosis of malignancy was performed according to the histopathologic criteria proposed byWeiss and colleagues (15) and the modification proposed by Aubert and colleagues (16).”
MethodGiordano, T. J. (2010) · PubMed · doi:10.5858/2010-0320-ra.1 · Cited by 17
Metabolomics—A Tool to Find Metabolism of Endocrine Cancer
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Myxoid Adrenocortical Neoplasms
Zhang, J., Sun, J. H., Liang, Z., Gao, J., Zeng, X., & Liu, T. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1309/ajcp7lo3nayqkasz · Cited by 17
Progress in the Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Morimoto, R., Omata, K., Ito, S., & Satoh, F. (2018) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpy018 · Cited by 17
Adrenal cancer: relevance of different grading systems and subtypes
Minner, S. J. P., Schreiner, J., & Saeger, W. (2021) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-020-02524-2 · Cited by 17
“The Weiss score [39] stresses the invasion of capsule and vessels (3 points), the van Sooten score [38], the atypical cell structures, and the mitotic index, the Hough score [15], the atypical cell structures, the regressive changes, and the diffuse growth pattern.”
BackgroundResultKao, C., Grignon, D. J., Ulbright, T. M., & Idrees, M. T. (2013) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.019 · Cited by 17
“It has, furthermore, been shown that adrenocortical neoplasms showing more than 3 of the Weiss criteria have a shorter disease-free survival and increased relapse risk [17,18], with mitotic rate and atypical mitotic figures the most important predictive factors [15,19].”
BackgroundMethodHovi, L., Wikström, S., Vettenranta, K. K., et al. (2003) · Medical and Pediatric Oncology · doi:10.1002/mpo.10241 · Cited by 17
Morimoto, R., Kudo, M., Murakami, O., Takase, K., Ishidoya, S., Nakamura, Y., Ishibashi, T., Takahashi, S. I., Arai, Y., Suzuki, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.35 · Cited by 17
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Prognostic value of the Weiss and Wieneke (AFIP) scoring systems in pediatric ACC – a mini review
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Pediatric Adrenocortical Neoplasms: A Study Comparing Three Histopathological Scoring Systems
Jangir, H., Ahuja, I., Agarwal, S., Jain, V., Meena, J. P., Agarwala, S., Sharma, R., Sharma, M. C., Iyer, V. K., & Kalaivani, M. (2023) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12022-023-09767-z · Cited by 17
Heterosexual precocity: rare manifestation of virilizing adrenocortical oncocytoma
Subbiah, S., Nahar, U., Samujh, R., et al. (2013) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2013.294 · Cited by 16
Fujisawa, Y., Sakaguchi, K., Ono, H., Yamaguchi, R., Kato, F., Kagami, M., Fukami, M., & Ogata, T. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.031 · Cited by 16
“Thus, the mass was diagnosed as the stage I c-ACC according to the Weiss criteria and the IPACTR staging [10, 16, 17].”
Xu, X., & Sergi, C. M. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.07.011 · Cited by 17
“Weiss criteria consists of threemain categories of parameters: structural (clearing of cells, diffuse pattern in architecture, and tissue necrosis), cytological (nuclear grade, mitoses/50 high power fields, and atypical mitoses), and invasion (venous invasion, sinusoidal invasion, and capsular infiltration) [10].”
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“Among the Weiss criteria factors, the mitotic rate has been reported to be associated with patient outcome [5].”
BackgroundMethodKanauchi, H., Wada, N., Clark, O. H., et al. (2002) · Surgery · doi:10.1067/msy.2002.128616 · Cited by 16
Buishand, F. O., Liu‐Chittenden, Y., Fan, Y., Tirosh, A., Gara, S. K., Patel, D., Meerzaman, D. M., & Kebebew, E. (2019) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2019.04.067 · Cited by 18
Shigematsu, K., Nishida, N., Sakai, H., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0596 · Cited by 16
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of spindle cell neoplasms of the adrenal gland
Nance, K. V., McLeod, D. L., & Silverman, J. F. (1992) · Diagnostic Cytopathology · doi:10.1002/dc.2840080310 · Cited by 16
Pinto, A., & Barletta, J. A. (2015) · Surgical pathology clinics · doi:10.1016/j.path.2015.07.005 · Cited by 18
Calabrese, A., Puglisi, S., Borin, C., Basile, V., Perotti, P., Pia, A. R., Berchialla, P., Volante, M., Fiori, C., Porpiglia, F., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad002 · Cited by 15
Cellular landscape of adrenocortical carcinoma at single-nuclei resolution
Tourigny, D. S., Altieri, B., Secener, K., Sbiera, S., Schauer, M. P., Arampatzi, P., Herterich, S., Sauer, S., Faßnacht, M., & Ronchi, C. L. (2024) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2024.112272 · Cited by 18
Improvement of histopathological classification of adrenal gland tumors by genetic differentiation
Gruschwitz, T., Breza, J., Jr., Wunderlich, H., & Junker, K. (2010) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-010-0541-7 · Cited by 15
Diagnosis, treatment, and survival analysis of adrenocortical carcinomas: a multicentric study
Souteiro, P., Donato, S., Costa, C. F., Pereira, C. A., Simões‐Pereira, J., Oliveira, J. M., Belo, S., Santos, A. P., Cardoso, H., Leite, V. A. P. H., et al. (2019) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-019-00161-1 · Cited by 14
Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome associated with an adrenocortical oncocytoma
Lee, S. S., Baek, K., Lee, Y. S., et al. (2008) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345624 · Cited by 15
Dissecting morphological and molecular heterogeneity in adrenocortical carcinoma
Duregon, E., Volante, M., Rapa, I., Vatrano, S., & Potti, M. P. (2015) · Turkish Journal of Pathology · doi:10.5146/tjpath.2015.01317 · Cited by 15
p53 as a prognostic factor in adrenocortical tumors of adults and children
Sredni, S. T., Zerbini, M. C. N., Latorre, M. R. D. O., & Alves, V. A. F. (2003) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2003000100004 · Cited by 15
Bulzico, D., de Faria, P. A. S., de Paula, M. P., Bordallo, M. A. N., Pessoa, C. H. C. N., Corbo, R., Ferman, S., Vaisman, M., & Neto, L. V. (2016) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.3109/08880018.2016.1173148 · Cited by 15
“Although useful in segregating carcinomas from adenomas within adults, the Weiss score [10], a 9–histomorphological feature score, has already been applied to children with ACTs with disappointing results [13, 14].”
BackgroundMethodResultC-myc expression in adrenocortical tumours
Pennanen, M., Hagström, J., Heiskanen, I., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204503 · Cited by 15
Loss of heterozygosity analysis to diagnose adrenal cortical carcinoma
MANSUKHANI, M. M., & Greenebaum, E. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990825)87:4 · Cited by 1
Adrenal Carcinoma with a Signal Loss on Chemical Shift Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Yamada, T., Saito, H., Moriya, T., et al. (2003) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-200307000-00027 · Cited by 15
Transcriptome in paraffin samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma
Jouinot, A., Lippert, J., Sibony, M., Violon, F., Jeanpierre, L., Murat, D. D., Armignacco, R., Septier, A., Perlemoine, K., Letourneur, F., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-1228 · Cited by 14
Diagnostic Utility of a Modified Reticulin Algorithm in Pediatric Adrenocortical Neoplasms
Lopez‐Nunez, O. F., Virgone, C., Kletskaya, I. S., Santoro, L., Giuliani, S., Okoye, B., Volante, M., Ferrari, A., Bisogno, G., Duregon, E., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000002174 · Cited by 14
“The latter was recorded by using the adult cutoff as per the Weiss criteria ( > 5/50 HPF; further designated as adult RA [aRA]), 25,26 as well as the pediatric cutoff as per the WC ( > 15/20 HPF; further designated as pediatric RA [pRA]).”
MethodPotential Variant of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia in a Dog
Proverbio, D., Spada, E., Perego, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association · doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-5708 · Cited by 14
Is there a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adrenocortical tumors?
Bulzico, D., de Faria, P. A. S., Maia, C. B., de Paula, M. P., Torres, D. C., Ferreira, G. M., Pires, B. R. B., Hassan, R., Abdelhay, E. S. F. W., Vaisman, M., et al. (2017) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1409-z · Cited by 14
The outcome of childhood adrenocortical carcinoma in Egypt: A model from developing countries
Zekri, W., Hammad, M., Rashed, W. M., Ahmed, G., Elshafie, M. M., Adly, M. H., Elborai, Y. E. S., Abdalla, B. A., Taha, H., Elkinaae, N., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2019.1710309 · Cited by 14
“The modified Weiss criteria were used to determine the malignant nature of potential ACC tumors.(13) In clinical practice, reaching conclusions based on the Weiss”
MethodHistopathologic Features of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Gambella, A., Volante, M., & Papotti, M. G. (2022) · Advances in Anatomic Pathology · doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000363 · Cited by 16
Johanssen, S., Faßnacht, M., Brix, D., et al. (2007) · Der Urologe · doi:10.1007/s00120-007-1578-0 · Cited by 14
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Fas and Telomeric-Repeat Binding Factor-1 Genes in Adrenal Tumors
Kanauchi, H., Wada, N., Ginzinger, D. G., Yu, M., Wong, M. G., Clark, O. H., & Duh, Q. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020965 · Cited by 14
“The prognosis of patients with adrenal cortical cancer depends mainly on the stage of cancer at diagnosis (3).”
BackgroundManagement of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Strosberg, J., Hammer, G. D., & Doherty, G. M. (2009) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2009.0051 · Cited by 14
An Inhibin B and Estrogen-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma Leading to Selective FSH Suppression
Fragoso, M. C. B. V., Kohek, M. B. D. F., Martin, R. M., et al. (2006) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000095806 · Cited by 14
Lipomatous changes in adrenocortical adenomas: Report of two cases
Papotti, M. G., Sapino, A., Mazza, E., et al. (1996) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02739925 · Cited by 14
Characterization of lipid-rich adrenal tumors by FDG PET/CT: Are they hormone-secreting or not?
Takanami, K., Kaneta, T., Morimoto, R., Satoh, F., Nakamura, Y., Takase, K., & Takahashi, S. (2013) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-013-0793-6 · Cited by 13
TP53 p.Arg337His geographic distribution correlates with adrenocortical tumor occurrence
Seidinger, A. L., Caminha, I. P., Mastellaro, M. J., Gabetta, C. S., Nowill, A. E., Pinheiro, V. R. P., & Yunes, J. A. (2020) · Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1002/mgg3.1168 · Cited by 13
Akkuş, G., Evran, M., Sert, M., Ok, F., & Tetıker, T. (2017) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.22 · Cited by 13
“Patients diagnosed with adrenal cortical neoplasia were reassessed according to Weiss criteria; thus, if 4 or more criteria were met, the mass was accepted as a carcinoma.(12) DHEAS and ACTH values were studied with the enzymatic‐ labelled chemiluminescent immunometric assay method (Immulite 2000; Diagnostic Products…”
MethodAldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma in childhood: A case report
Baranwal, A. K., Singhi, S. C., Narshimhan, K. L., et al. (1999) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90339-1 · Cited by 13
Ganeshan, D., Bhosale, P., & Kundra, V. (2012) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.11.8282 · Cited by 12
“2), adrenocortical tumors of unknown malignant potential, and other rare tumors, such as oncocytomas, primary adrenal lymphoma, sarcomas, and composite tumors [17–20].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAdrenocortical Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience
Gomez‐Rivera, F., Medina‐Franco, H., Arch-Ferrer, J. E., & Heslin, M. J. (2005) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313480507100118 · Cited by 13
Ito, A., Yamazaki, Y., Sasano, H., Matsubara, D., Fukushima, N., Tamba‐Sakaguchi, M., Tabata, K., Ashizawa, K., Takei, A., Koizumi, M., et al. (2017) · Pathology International · doi:10.1111/pin.12521 · Cited by 13
Kobayashi, S., Iwase, H., Matsuo, K., Fukuoka, H., Ito, Y., & Masaoka, A. (1991) · The Japanese Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf02470984 · Cited by 12
Kitamura, T., Blinder, A., Nanba, K., Tsuiki, M., Mishina, M., Okuno, H., Moriyoshi, K., Yamazaki, Y., Sasano, H., Yoneyama, K., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-22-0508 · Cited by 12
Advani, A., Johnson, S. J., Nicol, M. R., et al. (2010) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.k10e-046 · Cited by 12
“The Weiss score was therefore 6 out of 9, thereby securing the diagnosis of adrenal cortical carcinoma [8, 9].”
BackgroundFujii, Y., Kageyama, Y., Kawakami, S., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00651.x · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Weiss, L. M., Medeiros, L. J., & Vickery, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 202-206
- ISSN
- 0147-5185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023370041
- Cited by
- 818
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 8.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Surgical Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Renal cell carcinoma treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, mitotic activity, tumor grade, survival, capsular invasion, tumor size, tumor weight, atypical mitoses, venous invasion, nuclear grade, necrosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Child, Humans, Middle Aged, Mitotic Index, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Prognosis
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