Cited by 818Adrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsRenal cell carcinoma treatmentSarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment

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Pathologic Features of Prognostic Significance in Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Weiss, Lawrence M., Medeiros, L. Jeffrey, Vickery, Austin L.·1989·The American Journal of Surgical Pathology

DOI 10.1097/00000478-198903000-00004

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Abstract

There are currently no well-established pathologic prognostic factors helpful in distinguishing low versus high grade adrenocortical carcinomas. The effect of 11 pathologic parameters on survival was investigated in 42 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma. Only one variable, mitotic rate, had a strong statistical association with patient outcome. The 21 patients with carcinomas with greater than 20 mitoses per 50 high power fields (hpf) had a median survival of 14 months, whereas the 21 patients with carcinomas with less than or equal to 20 mitoses had a median survival of 58 months (p less than 0.02). The presence of atypical mitoses, capsular invasion, tumor weight greater than 250 g, and size greater than 10 cm each showed a marginal statistical association with poor survival (p less than 0.06), whereas other features assessed, such as nuclear grade, presence of necrosis or of venous or sinusoidal invasion, character of the tumor cell cytoplasm, or architectural pattern, showed no statistical significance in predicting survival. It is proposed that adrenal cortical carcinomas with greater than 20 mitoses be designated high grade, whereas tumors with less than or equal to 20 mitoses be designated low grade.

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Background
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Untitled work
Wooten (1993) · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19931201)72:11
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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“For diagnosis of ACC, different Management of adrenocortical carcinoma 277 © 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clinical Endocrinology, 60, 273–287 diagnostic scores (Hough et al., 1979; Weiss, 1984; van Slooten et al., 1985; Weiss et al., 1989; Table 2) have been developed.”
BackgroundMethod
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“histologic diagnoses were confirmed by two experienced pathologists at our centre (EB, MV) according to the Weiss criteria [17,18].”
Method
Adrenocortical carcinoma in surgically treated patients: a retrospective study on 156 cases by the French Association of Endocrine Surgery.
Icard, P., Chapuis, Y., Andréassian, B., Bernard, A., & Proye, C. A. G. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 179
Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Tumors: Endocrine and Scintigraphic Correlates1
Barzon, L., Scaroni, C. M., Sonino, N., Fallo, F., Gregianin, M., Macrì, C., & Boscaro, M. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.1.4501 · Cited by 184
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“…diagnoses were re-evaluated according to the Weiss criteria (nuclear atypia, atypical mitoses, frequent mitoses, small percentage of clear cells, diffuse architecture, necrosis, invasion of venous, sinusoidal, or capsular structures; Weiss 1984, Weiss et al. 1989) by an expert pathologist (M.V.).”
Method
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Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994–2001)
Kyles, A. E., Feldman, E. C., Cock, H. E. V. D., Kass, P. H., Mathews, K. G., Hardie, E. M., Nelson, R. W., Ilkiw, J. E., & Gregory, C. R. (2003) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2003.223.654 · Cited by 164
Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma
Ahmad, S. A., Liu, W., Jung, Y. D., Fan, F., Reinmuth, N., Bucana, C. D., & Ellis, L. M. (2001) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5 · Cited by 110
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“Mitotic rate is consistently reported as the most important determinant of aggressive behavior [32,41,47,48].”
Background
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Gaujoux, S., Grabar, S., Fassnacht, M., Ragazzon, B., Launay, P., Libé, R., Chokri, I., Audebourg, A., Royer, B., Sbiera, S., et al. (2011) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2006 · Cited by 146
“The Weiss score was established on the basis of 9 Weiss histologic criteria (20, 21).”
BackgroundMethod
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Immunohistochemistry of a proliferation marker Ki67/MIB1 in adrenocortical carcinomas: Ki67/MIB1 labeling index is a predictor for recurrence of adrenocortical carcinomas
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“The diagnosis of ACC has been made according to the criteria of Weiss [6, 7], which is a well-validated and established scoring system for a histopathological diagnosis of ACC [1, 8].”
Method
Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Adrenocortical Tumors
Sidhu, S. B., Marsh, D. J., Theodosopoulos, G., Philips, J. N., Bambach, C. P., Campbell, P. R., Magarey, C. J., Russell, C. F. J., Schulte, K., Röher, H. D., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.7.8697 · Cited by 144
p53 Mutations in sporadic adrenocortical tumors
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Adrenocortical Carcinoma
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Volante, M., Bollito, E., Sperone, P., Tavaglione, V., Daffara, F., Porpiglia, F., Terzolo, M., Berruti, A., & Papotti, M. G. (2009) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03423.x · Cited by 138
“Concerning mitotic index, the most significant prognostic cut-off in our series was 9 ⁄ 50 HPF (representing the median value), at variance with other authors who used a level of 20 ⁄ 50 HPF.12,20 However, irrespective of the cut-off values employed, it is noteworthy that the vast majority of published series agree th…”
Result
Childhood adrenocortical tumours
Ribeiro, R. C., & de Figueiredo, B. C. (2004) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2004.01.031 · Cited by 140
Adrenocortical carcinoma — towards genomics guided clinical care
Crona, J., & Beuschlein, F. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0221-7 · Cited by 142
Microarray gene expression and immunohistochemistry analyses of adrenocortical tumors identify IGF2 and Ki-67 as useful in differentiating carcinomas from adenomas
Soon, P., Gill, A. J., Benn, D. E., Clarkson, A., Robinson, B. G., McDonald, K. L., & Sidhu, S. B. (2009) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc-08-0237 · Cited by 135
“A total score of %2 is typically associated with a benign ACT while a score of R3 is indicative of malignancy (Weiss 1984, Weiss et al. 1989).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Mitotane levels predict the outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated adjuvantly following radical resection
Terzolo, M., Baudin, A. E., Ardito, A., Kroiss, M., Leboulleux, S., Daffara, F., Perotti, P., Feelders, R. A., deVries, J. H., Zaggia, B., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0242 · Cited by 134
“All diagnoses were confirmed by experienced pathologists according to the Weiss criteria with a score of 3, or more, identifying malignancy (18, 19).”
BackgroundMethod
Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in adrenocortical adenomas is frequently due to somatic CTNNB1-activating mutations, which are associated with larger and nonsecreting tumors: a study in cortisol-secreting and -nonsecreting tumors
Bonnet, S., Gaujoux, S., Launay, P., Baudry, C., Chokri, I., Ragazzon, B., Libé, R., René-Corail, F., Audebourg, A., Vacher-Lavenu, M.-C., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1885 · Cited by 133
Molecular Markers and the Pathogenesis of Adrenocortical Cancer
Soon, P. S. H., McDonald, K. L., Robinson, B. G., & Sidhu, S. B. (2008) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2007-0243 · Cited by 129
Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma: an unusual cause of Conn's syndrome with an ominous clinical course
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“…1984, Stone et al. 1984, Scott et al. 1986, Valentini et al. 1986, Farge et al. 1987, Fraser et al. 1987, Isles et al. 1987, Tenschert et al. 1987, Weiss et al. 1989, Touitou et al. 1992, Barksdale et al. 1993, Boscaro et al. 1995, Weingartner et al. 1995, Sakai et al. 1997, Taylor et al. 1997,…”
Background
Aldosterone- and cortisol-co-secreting adrenal tumors: the lost subtype of primary aldosteronism
Späth, M. R., Korovkin, S., Antke, C., Anlauf, M., & Willenberg, H. S. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-1070 · Cited by 130
Oncocytic Adrenocortical Neoplasms
Lin, B. T.-Y., Bonsib, S. M., Mierau, G. W., Weiss, L. M., & Medeiros, L. J. (1998) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-199805000-00012 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
The Weiss Score and Beyond—Histopathology for Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Papotti, M. G., Libé, R., Duregon, E., Volante, M., Bertherat, J. Y., & Tissier, F. (2011) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-011-0088-0 · Cited by 132
“Therefore, in the last decades, variable combinations of such parameters in different scoring systems have been proposed in the literature [21, 43] being the scoring method proposed by Weiss in 1984 [48] with subsequent modifications [49] and revisions [2] by far the most widely employed.”
BackgroundMethod
Adrenocortical tumors in children
Ribeiro, R. C., Michalkiewicz, E., de Figueiredo, B. C., DeLacerda, L., Sandrini, F., Pianovski, M. A. D., Sampaio, G., & Sandrini, R. (2000) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2000001000013 · Cited by 134
“The prognostic importance of histology has been controversial (51,52, 54).”
BackgroundMethod
Predictors of survival in pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program study
McAteer, J. P., Huaco, J. A., & Gow, K. W. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.017 · Cited by 127
“The system developed by Weiss is widely utilized as a criterion to differentiate adrenocortical adenomas from carcinomas, and in adults these criteria tend to be accurate predictors of malignant behavior [4,10].”
Method
Immunohistochemical Distinction of Primary Adrenal Cortical Lesions From Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Sangoi, A. R., Fujiwara, M., West, R. B., Montgomery, K. D., Bonventre, J. V., Higgins, J., Rouse, R. V., Gökden, N., & McKenney, J. K. (2011) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0b013e3182152629 · Cited by 121
Inactivation of theAPCGene Is Constant in Adrenocortical Tumors from Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis but Not Frequent in Sporadic Adrenocortical Cancers
Gaujoux, S., Pinson, S., Gimenez‐Roqueplo, A., Amar, L., Ragazzon, B., Launay, P., Méatchi, T., Libé, R., BERTAGNA, X. Y., Audebourg, A., et al. (2010) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1497 · Cited by 121
Differential expression of microRNA-675, microRNA-139-3p and microRNA-335 in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours
Schmitz, K., Helwig, J., Bertram, S., Sheu, S., Suttorp, A., Seggewiss, J., Willscher, E., Walz, M., Worm, K., & Schmid, K. W. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2010.085621 · Cited by 120
“The validation cohort comprised 15 primary adrenocortical lesions and one lung metastasis, all scored according to the criteria of Weiss et al.(15) The tumours for this study were reviewed by KJS.”
Method
Preoperative prediction for pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma via machine learning–based radiomics
Mao, B., Zhang, L., Ning, P., Ding, F. H., Wu, F., Lu, G. G., Geng, Y., & Ma, J. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07056-5 · Cited by 122
Pathologic Features of Prognostic Significance for Adrenocortical Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Harrison, L. E. (1999) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.2.181 · Cited by 117
“A variety of histologic indices of adrenal malignancy has been proposed based on the presence of a diffuse growth pattern, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, intratumoral fibrous bands, mitotic figures, vascular, capsular, or sinusoidal invasion, and less than 25% of clear cells.(6,7) The distinction of adrenocorti…”
Background
Helsinki score—a novel model for prediction of metastases in adrenocortical carcinomas
Pennanen, M., Heiskanen, I., Sane, T., Remes, S. M., Mustonen, H. K., Haglund, C. H., & Arola, J. T. (2014) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.015 · Cited by 115
Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Morphologic, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Four Cases
Hoang, M. P., Ayala, A. G., & Albores‐Saavedra, J. (2002) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880638 · Cited by 115
“According to Weiss (19, 20), adrenocortical carcinoma would have four or more of the following findings: high nuclear grade, eosinophilic cytoplasm (more than 75%), diffuse architecture (more than 33%), and presence of necrosis, mitotic figures (more than 5/50HPFs), atypical mitotic figures, capsular invasion, venous…”
Adrenocortical Adenoma and Carcinoma: Histopathological and Molecular Comparative Analysis
Stojadinovic, A., Brennan, M. F., Hoos, A., Ömeroğlu, A., Leung, D. H. Y., Dudas, M. E., Nissan, A., Cordon‐Cardo, C., & Ghossein, R. A. (2003) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1097/01.mp.0000081730.72305.81 · Cited by 113
“Both studies identified mitotic activity as the single most important determinant of tumor-related mortality from adrenocortical carcinoma (5, 6).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Adrenal oncocytic neoplasm: a systematic review.
Mearini, L., Sordo, R. D., Costantini, E., et al. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.1159/000345141 · Cited by 113
Clinical, Hormonal and Pathological Findings in a Comparative Study of Adrenocortical Neoplasms in Childhood and Adulthood
Mendonca, B. B., Lucón, A. M., Menezes, C. A. V., Saldanha, L. B., Latronico, A. C., Zerbini, M. C. N., Madureira, G., Domenice, S., Albergaria, M. A. P., Camargo, M. H. A., et al. (1995) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66673-4 · Cited by 117
ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA IN CHILDREN
Liou, L. S., & Kay, R. M. (2000) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70089-6 · Cited by 111
Contemporary Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Laurent Zini, A., Porpiglia, F., & Faßnacht, M. (2011) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.062 · Cited by 111
“Among these, theWeiss criteria aremostwidely utilised [69,70].”
The Reticulin Algorithm for Adrenocortical Tumor Diagnosis
Duregon, E., Fassina, A., Volante, M., Nesi, G., Santi, R., Gatti, G., Cappellesso, R., Ciaramella, P. D., Ventura, L., Gambacorta, M., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0b013e31828d387b · Cited by 105
“5 (2-30) Weight, (range) (g) 39 (4-150) 428 (8-3100) 46 (2.”
Diagnostic value of urinary steroid profiling in the evaluation of adrenal tumors
Kerkhofs, T. M. A., Kerstens, M. N., Kema, I. P., Willems, T. P., & Haak, H. R. (2015) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-015-0224-3 · Cited by 102
“In patients with ACC, the Weiss score (a set of nine histopathological criteria with prognostic value in adrenocortical tumors) was extracted from the original pathology reports and disease progression was staged according to the European Network for Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) staging system [16, 17].”
Method
Adrenal cortical carcinoma in Norway, 1970–1984
Søreide, J. A., Brabrand, K., & Thoresen, S. (1992) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf02067349 · Cited by 101
Operative management for recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma
Datrice, N., Langan, R. C., Ripley, R. T., Kemp, C. D., Steinberg, S. M., Wood, B. J., Libutti, S. K., Fojo, T., Schrump, D. S., & Avital, I. (2011) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.23015 · Cited by 99
“In our review, the number of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy was small [5], making it difficult to draw conclusions from this group.”
Background
Validation of the prognostic role of the “Helsinki Score” in 225 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma
Duregon, E., Cappellesso, R., Maffeis, V., Zaggia, B., Ventura, L., Berruti, A., Terzolo, M., Fassina, A., Volante, M., & Papotti, M. (2017) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.035 · Cited by 98
“As a matter of fact, in 1989 Dr Weiss himself proposed a mitotic count–based, two-tier grading system, distinguishing low-grade (<20/50 HPF) from high-grade ACC (>20/50 HPF) [20].”
BackgroundInfluential
Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms in Children: Why So Many Carcinomas and Yet So Many Survivors?
Dehner, L. P., & Hill, D. A. (2009) · Pediatric and Developmental Pathology · doi:10.2350/08-06-0489.1 · Cited by 95
“Histologic criteria for malignancy consisted of 11 features that were adapted from several previously cited systems [30,31,33].”
BackgroundMethod
Immunohistochemical assessment of Ki-67 in the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors
Terzolo, M., Boccuzzi, A., Bovio, S., Cappia, S., Giuli, P. D., Alı̀, A., Paccotti, P., Porpiglia, F., Fontana, D., & Angeli, A. (2001) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00852-9 · Cited by 96
IGFII and MIB1 immunohistochemistry is helpful for the differentiation of benign from malignant adrenocortical tumours
Schmitt, A., Saremaslani, P., Schmid, S., Rousson, V, Montani, M., Schmid, D. M., Heitz, P. U., Komminoth, P., & Perren, A. (2006) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02505.x · Cited by 94
Treatment of Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma With Surgery, Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection, and Chemotherapy: The Children's Oncology Group ARAR0332 Protocol
Galindo, C. R., Krailo, M., Pinto, E. M., Pashankar, F., Weldon, C. B., Huang, L. T., Caran, E. M. M., Hicks, J. M., McCarville, M. B., Malkin, D. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.02871 · Cited by 103
“Central pathology review was required for eligibility.(14,15) The trial was approved by the Pediatric Central Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Institute, and by the institutional review boards of participating institutions.”
Genetic landscape of sporadic unilateral adrenocortical adenomas without PRKACA p.Leu206Arg mutation
Ronchi, C. L., Di Dalmazi, G., Faillot, S., Sbiera, S., Assié, G., Weigand, I., Calebiro, D., Schwarzmayr, T., Appenzeller, S., Rubin, B., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1586 · Cited by 93
Combined expression of BUB1B, DLGAP5, and PINK1 as predictors of poor outcome in adrenocortical tumors: validation in a Brazilian cohort of adult and pediatric patients
Fragoso, M. C. B. V., Almeida, M. Q., Mazzuco, T. L., Mariani, B. M. P., Brito, L. P., Gonçalves, T. C., Alencar, G. A., Lima, L. D. O., Faria, A. M., Bourdeau, I., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-11-0806 · Cited by 93
A nationwide survey of adrenal incidentalomas in Japan: the first report of clinical and epidemiological features
Ichijo, T., Ueshiba, H., Nawata, H., & Yanase, T. (2019) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0486 · Cited by 97
Risk factors for conversion and complications after unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Gaujoux, S., Bonnet, S., Leconte, M., Zohar, S., Bertherat, J. Y., BERTAGNA, X. Y., & Dousset, B. E. (2011) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.7558 · Cited by 89
Diagnostic and prognostic role of steroidogenic factor 1 in adrenocortical carcinoma: a validation study focusing on clinical and pathologic correlates
Duregon, E., Volante, M., Giorcelli, J., Terzolo, M., Lalli, E., & Papotti, M. G. (2012) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.025 · Cited by 90
“Many diagnostic methods have been proposed, either based on scoring systems including the most frequently used Weiss system [2,3] or using alternative algorithmic approaches [4,5].”
Method
Adrenocortical Neoplasms: Role of Prognostic Markers MIB-1, P53, and RB
Vargas, M. P., Vargas, H. I., Kleiner, D. E., & Merino, M. J. (1997) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-199705000-00008 · Cited by 89
Value of Molecular Classification for Prognostic Assessment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Assié, G., Jouinot, A., Faßnacht, M., Libé, R., Garinet, S., Jacob, L., Hamzaoui, N., Néou, M., Sakat, J., Villéon, B. D. L., et al. (2019) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1558 · Cited by 90
A hybrid machine learning-based method for classifying the Cushing's Syndrome with comorbid adrenocortical lesions
Yang, J. Y., Yang, M. Q., Luo, Z., Ma, Y., Li, J., Deng, Y., & Huang, X. (2008) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-s1-s23 · Cited by 88
Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Mete, Ö., Güçer, H., Kefeli, M., & Asa, S. L. (2017) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000000943 · Cited by 87
Proposal for modification of the ENSAT staging system for adrenocortical carcinoma using tumor grade
Miller, B. S., Gauger, P. G., Hammer, G. D., Giordano, T. J., & Doherty, G. M. (2010) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0698-y · Cited by 84
Glucose transporter GLUT1 expression is an stage-independent predictor of clinical outcome in adrenocortical carcinoma
Fenske, W., Völker, H., Adam, P., Hahner, S., Johanssen, S., Wortmann, S., Schmidt, M., Morcos, M., Müller–Hermelink, H., Allolio, B., et al. (2009) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc-08-0211 · Cited by 84
“All histological diagnoses were confirmed by the reference pathologist of the German ACC Registry (Wolfgang Saeger, Hamburg, Germany) and malignancy was established by a Weiss score R3 (Weiss et al. 1989).”
Method

Authors: Weiss, L. M., Medeiros, L. J., & Vickery, A. L.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
ORCID: Weiss, Lawrence M.
Medeiros, L. Jeffrey
Venue: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1989-03
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 202-206
ISSN: 0147-5185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00000478-198903000-00004
OpenAlex: W2023370041
Cited by: 818
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 8.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Renal cell carcinoma treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, mitotic activity, tumor grade, survival, capsular invasion, tumor size, tumor weight, atypical mitoses, venous invasion, nuclear grade, necrosis
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Child, Humans, Middle Aged, Mitotic Index, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Prognosis

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Pathologic Features of Prognostic Significance in Adrenocortical Carcinoma

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