The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A New Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Could It Be a Disease of the Foregut?
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: We previously reported, in a study of 608 patients, that the gastric bypass operation (GB) controls type 2 diabetes mellitus in the morbidly obese patient more effectively than any medical therapy. Further, we showed for the first time that it was possible to reduce the mortality from diabetes; GB reduced the chance of dying from 4.5% per year to 1% per year. This control of diabetes has been ascribed to the weight loss induced by the operation. These studies, in weight-stable women, were designed to determine whether weight loss was really the important factor. METHODS: Fasting plasma insulin, fasting plasma glucose, minimal model-derived insulin sensitivity and leptin levels were measured in carefully matched cohorts: six women who had undergone GB and had been stable at their lowered weight 24 to 30 months after surgery versus a control group of six women who did not undergo surgery and were similarly weight-stable. The two groups were matched in age, percentage of fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and aerobic capacity. RESULTS: Even though the two groups of patients were closely matched in weight, age, percentage of fat, and even aerobic capacity, and with both groups maintaining stable weights, the surgical group demonstrated significantly lower levels of serum leptin, fasting plasma insulin, and fasting plasma glucose compared to the control group. Similarly, minimal model-derived insulin sensitivity was significantly higher in the surgical group. Finally, self-reported food intake was significantly lower in the surgical group. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss is not the reason why GB controls diabetes mellitus. Instead, bypassing the foregut and reducing food intake produce the profound long-term alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin action. These findings suggest that our current paradigms of type 2 diabetes mellitus deserve review. The critical lesion may lie in abnormal signals from the gut.
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Cites
Pories, W. J., Swanson, M. S., MacDonald, K. G., Long, S. B., Morris, P. G., Brown, B. M., Barakat, H. A., deRamon, R. A., Israel, G., Dolezal, J. M., et al. (1995) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199509000-00011 · Cited by 2,293
Self-citationThe Gross Composition of the Body
SIRI, W. E. (1956) · Advances in Biological and Medical Physics · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3110-5.50011-x · Cited by 1,765
Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity in Vivo*
Bergman, R. N., Finegood, D. T., & Ader, M. (1985) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-6-1-45 · Cited by 1,066
Gutniak, M., Ørkov, C., Holst, J. J., Ahrén, B., & Efendić, S. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199205143262003 · Cited by 868
MacDonald, K. G., Long, S. D., Swanson, M. S., Brown, B. M., Morris, P., Lynis Dohm, G., & Pories, W. J. (1997) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1091-255x(97)80112-6 · Cited by 506
Self-citationSurgical treatment of obesity and its effect on diabetes: 10-y follow-up
Pories, W., MacDonald, K., Morgan, E., Sinha, M., Dohm, G., Swanson, M., Barakat, H., Khazanie, P., Leggett-Frazier, N., Long, S., et al. (1992) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.2.582s · Cited by 345
Self-citationInsulin resistance associated with lower rates of weight gain in Pima Indians.
Swinburn, B. A., Nyomba, B. L., Saad, M. F., Zurlo, F., Raz, I., Knowler, W. C., Lillioja, S., Bogardus, C., & Ravussin, E. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115274 · Cited by 322
Holst, J. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.257 · Cited by 267
Glucagonlike peptide 1: a newly discovered gastrointestinal hormone
Holst, J. J. (1994) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90831-1 · Cited by 252
Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians
Ravussin, E., Pratley, R. E., Maffei, M., Wang, H., Friedman, J. M., Bennett, P. H., & Bogardus, C. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0297-238 · Cited by 242
Cited by
Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Buchwald, H., Avidor, Y., Braunwald, E., Jensen, M. D., Pories, W., Fahrbach, K., & Schoelles, K. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.14.1724 · Cited by 6,800
Self-citationWeight and Type 2 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Buchwald, H., Estok, R., Fahrbach, K., Banel, D., Jensen, M. D., Pories, W. J., Bantle, J. P., & Sledge, I. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.041 · Cited by 2,551
Self-citationRubino, F., Gagner, M., Gentileschi, P., Kini, S., Fukuyama, S., Feng, J., & Diamond, E. (2004) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000133117.12646.48 · Cited by 639
Heber, D., Greenway, F. L., Kaplan, L. M., Livingston, E., Salvador, J., & Still, C. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2128 · Cited by 521
Gastric Bypass for Obesity: Mechanisms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Resolution
Cummings, D. E., Overduin, J., & Foster-Schubert, K. E. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0433 · Cited by 503
Metadata
- Authors
- Hickey, M. S., Pories, W. J., MacDonald, K. G., Cory, K. A., Dohm, G. L., Swanson, M. S., Israel, R. G., Barakat, H. A., Considine, R. V., Caro, J. F., & Houmard, J. A.
- Venue
- Annals of Surgery
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 227
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 637-644
- ISSN
- 0003-4932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021374152
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A New Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Could It Be a Disease of the Foregut? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/00000658-199805000-00004
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- Hickey, M. S., Pories, W. J., MacDonald, K. G., Cory, K. A., Dohm, G. L., Swanson, M. S., Israel, R. G., Barakat, H. A., Considine, R. V., Caro, J. F., & Houmard, J. A. (1998). A New Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Could It Be a Disease of the Foregut? Annals of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199805000-00004
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
