Cited by 367Problem and Project Based LearningInnovations in Medical EducationBiomedical and Engineering Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Do we all mean the same thing by “problem-based learning”? A review of the concepts and a formulation of the ground rules

Maudsley, G·1999·Academic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Problem-based learning (PBL) has emerged as a useful tool of epistemological reform in higher education, particularly in medical schools. Indeed, PBL has spent most of its career inducing revolutionary undergraduate medical reform. Nevertheless, obtaining informed agreement on the characteristics of the PBL "genus" is a challenge when the label is vulnerable to being borrowed for prestige or subversion. Many "PBL" single-subject courses within traditional curricula do not use PBL at all. Such semantic uncertainty compromises the evidence-base on the added value of problem-based versus traditional approaches and the main messages for good practice. This literature review explores what is meant by the term PBL by aiming to answer the following questions: What difficulties are inherent in the "problem-based" tag? What does the term "problem-based curriculum" imply? How has PBL been characterized and validated by focusing on its purpose? How else has PBL been characterized? How does PBL relate to problem solving? How does PBL relate to epistemological reform? In conclusion, what ground rules can be formulated for PBL? Despite much conceptual fog lingering over the PBL literature, useful ground rules can be formulated.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Transition
Petersdorf, R. G. (1993) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199301000-00012 · Cited by 2,503
Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking
Halpern, D. F. (1989) · Cited by 1,601
The psychological basis of problem-based learning
Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (1992) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199209000-00002 · Cited by 1,472
Does problem-based learning work? A meta-analysis of evaluative research
Vernon, D. T., & Blake, R. L. (1993) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199307000-00015 · Cited by 1,456
Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning
Elstein, A. S., Shulman, L. S., & Sprafka, S. A. (1978) · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674189089 · Cited by 1,377
Problem-based learning: have the expectations been met?
Berkson, L. (1993) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199310000-00053 · Cited by 430
The clinical reasoning process
Barrows, H. S., & Feltovich, P. J. (1987) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00671.x · Cited by 274
Effects of conventional and problem-based medical curricula on problem solving
Patel, V. L., Groen, G. J., & Norman, G. R. (1991) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199107000-00002 · Cited by 210
The many faces of problem-based learning: a framework for understanding and comparison
HANSEN, B. C. K. M. P. (1998) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421599880742 · Cited by 169
Teaching Clinical Medicine by Iterative Hypothesis Testing
Kassirer, J. P. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198310133091511 · Cited by 150

Show all 16 references

Sorted by citations

Overview of Problem-based Learning: Definitions and Distinctions
Savery, J. R. (2006) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning · doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1002 · Cited by 2,686
“The widespread adoption of the PBL instructional approach by different disciplines, for different age levels, and in different content domains has produced some misapplications and misconceptions of PBL (Maudsley, 1999).”
When is PBL More Effective? A Meta-synthesis of Meta-analyses Comparing PBL to Conventional Classrooms
Ströbel, J., & van Barneveld, A. (2009) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning · doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1046 · Cited by 1,120
Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts
Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (2000) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x · Cited by 712
The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review
Koh, G. C.-H., Khoo, H. E., Wong, M. L., & Koh, D. (2008) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.070565 · Cited by 659
Learner centred approaches in medical education
Spencer, J. A., & Jordan, R. K. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7193.1280 · Cited by 577
Comparing Problem-Based Learning with Case-Based Learning: Effects of a Major Curricular Shift at Two Institutions
Srinivasan, M., Wilkes, M. S., Stevenson, F. T., Nguyen, T. D., & Slavin, S. J. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.acm.0000249963.93776.aa · Cited by 572
Anatomy: A must for teaching the next generation
Older, J. (2004) · The Surgeon · doi:10.1016/s1479-666x(04)80050-7 · Cited by 536
Promoting professional knowledge, experiential learning and critical thinking for medical students
Maudsley, G., & Strivens, J. (2000) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00632.x · Cited by 441
Self-citation
Problem-Based Learning and Medical Education Forty Years On
Neville, A. J. (2008) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000163038 · Cited by 417
Problem based learning in continuing medical education: a review of controlled evaluation studies
Smits, P. B. A. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.153 · Cited by 286
Not Another Boring Lecture: Engaging Learners with Active Learning Techniques
Wolff, M., Wagner, M. J., Poznanski, S., Schiller, J. H., & Santen, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.010 · Cited by 279
The Effects of Problem-Based, Project-Based, and Case-Based Learning on Students’ Motivation: a Meta-Analysis
Wijnia, L., Noordzij, G., Arends, L. R., Rikers, R. M. J. P., & Loyens, S. M. M. (2024) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-024-09864-3 · Cited by 579
Roles and responsibilities of the problem based learning tutor in the undergraduate medical curriculum
Maudsley, G. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7184.657 · Cited by 225
Self-citation
Interventions to alleviate burnout symptoms and to support return to work among employees with burnout: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Ahola, K., Toppinen‐Tanner, S., & Seppänen, J. (2017) · Burnout Research · doi:10.1016/j.burn.2017.02.001 · Cited by 276
Reflecting peer‐support groups in the prevention of stress and burnout: randomized controlled trial
Peterson, U., Bergström, G., Samuelsson, M., Åsberg, M., & Nygren, Å. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04743.x · Cited by 220
How to Enhance Interdisciplinary Competence—Interdisciplinary Problem-Based Learning versus Interdisciplinary Project-Based Learning
Braßler, M., & Dettmers, J. (2017) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning · doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1686 · Cited by 235
Does problem‐based learning lead to deficiencies in basic science knowledge? An empirical case on anatomy
Prince, K. J. A. H., van Mameren, H., Hylkema, N., Drukker, J., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2003) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01402.x · Cited by 210
Problem-based learning: Where are we now?
Taylor, D. C. M., & Miflin, B. (2008) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590802217199 · Cited by 209
Problem-based Learning in Geography: Towards a Critical Assessment of its Purposes, Benefits and Risks
Pawson, E., Fournier, E. J., Haigh, M., Muniz, O. A., Trafford, J., & Vajoczki, S. (2006) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098260500499709 · Cited by 206
Untitled work
(2003) · Cited by 183
Telling Active Learning Pedagogies Apart: from theory to practice
Cattaneo, K. H. (2017) · Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research · doi:10.7821/naer.2017.7.237 · Cited by 181
Problem-Based Learning Outcomes: Ten Years of Experience at the University of Missouri???Columbia School of Medicine
Hoffman, K., Hosokawa, M., Blake, R., Headrick, L., & Johnson, G. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.acm.0000232411.97399.c6 · Cited by 179
The Changing Face of Dental Education: The Impact of PBL
Fincham, A. G., & Shuler, C. F. (2001) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2001.65.5.tb03410.x · Cited by 169
Situating Higher-Order, Critical, and Critical-Analytic Thinking in Problem- and Project-Based Learning Environments: A Systematic Review
Loyens, S. M. M., van Meerten, J. E., Schaap, L., & Wijnia, L. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09757-x · Cited by 370
From saying to doing interdisciplinary learning: Is problem-based learning the answer?
Stentoft, D. (2017) · Active Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1469787417693510 · Cited by 160
Teaching coaches to coach holistically: can Problem-Based Learning (PBL) help?
Jones, R. L., & Turner, P. (2006) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408980600708429 · Cited by 156
Advanced 3D visualization in student-centred medical education
Silén, C., Wirell, S., Kvist, J., Nylander, E., & Smedby, Ö. (2008) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590801932228 · Cited by 155
Problem Based Learning: An Introduction and Overview of the Key Features of the Approach
Newman, M. (2005) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme.32.1.12 · Cited by 152
Essential readings in problem-based learning
Walker, A. (2015) · Purdue University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wq6fh · Cited by 110
Problem-Based Learning Outcomes: The Glass Half-Full
Distlehorst, L. H., Dawson, E. A., ROBBS, R. S., & Barrows, H. S. (2005) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200503000-00020 · Cited by 130
RETRACTED: Introducing sustainability into business education contexts using active learning
MacVaugh, J. A., & Norton, M. (2011) · International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/14676371211190326 · Cited by 130
Retracted
Problem‐Based Learning: A Strategic Learning System Design For The Education Of Healthcare Professionals in the 21ST Century
Gwee, M. C. (2009) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70067-1 · Cited by 119
Problem-Based Learning in Graduate Management Education: An Integrative Model and Interdisciplinary Application
Brownell, J., & Jameson, D. A. (2004) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/1052562904266073 · Cited by 109
Lectures in problem-based learning—Why, when and how? An example of interactive lecturing that stimulates meaningful learning
Fyrenius, A., Bergdahl, B., & Silén, C. (2005) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590400016365 · Cited by 103
Evidence-based Radiology: A New Approach to the Practice of Radiology
Workin, T. T. E.-B. R. (2001) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2203001465 · Cited by 103
Role-playing in the problem-based learning class
Chan, C. Y. Z. (2011) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2011.04.008 · Cited by 107
Small-group problem-based learning as a complex adaptive system
Mennin, S. P. (2007) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.12.016 · Cited by 99
Student feedback in problem based learning: a survey of 103 final year students across five Ontario medical schools
Parikh, A., McReelis, K. D., & Hodges, B. D. (2001) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00994.x · Cited by 94
Evaluation of empowerment processes in a workplace health promotion intervention based on learning in Sweden
Arneson, H., & Ekberg, K. (2005) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dai023 · Cited by 94
Exploring creativity and critical thinking in traditional and innovative problem‐based learning groups
Chan, C. Y. Z. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.12186 · Cited by 95
Promoting Skills for Innovation in Higher Education
Hoidn, S., & Kärkkäinen, K. (2014) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/5k3tsj67l226-en · Cited by 118
Comparison of problem-and lecture-based pharmacology teaching
Michel, M. C., Bischoff, A., & Jakobs, K. H. (2002) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01940-4 · Cited by 91
Problem-based Learning in an Online Course: A case study
Cheaney, J. D., & Ingebritsen, T. S. (2006) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v6i3.267 · Cited by 91
From Case-based Reasoning to Problem-based Learning
Eshach, H., & Bitterman, H. (2003) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200305000-00011 · Cited by 90
Excellence in Curriculum Development and Assessment
Abate, M. A., Stamatakis, M. K., & Haggett, R. R. (2003) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/aj670389 · Cited by 86
Learning Theory and Educational Intervention: Producing Meaningful Evidence of Impact Through Layered Analysis
Cianciolo, A. T., & Regehr, G. (2019) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002591 · Cited by 81
The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Teaching Model for Use in Introductory Chinese Undergraduate Medical Courses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhang, Y., Zhou, L., Liu, X., Liu, L., Wu, Y., Zhao, Z., Yi, D., & 易东 (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120884 · Cited by 80
Problem-based learning in initial teacher education: taking the agenda forward
McPhee, A. (2009) · Journal of educational enquiry · Cited by 79
Advantages of video trigger in problem-based learning
Chan, L. K., Patil, N. G., Chen, J. Y., Lam, J., Lau, C. S., & Ip, M. (2010) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/01421591003686260 · Cited by 79
Curriculum content, structure and ECTS for European dental schools. Part II: methods of learning and teaching, assessment procedures and performance criteria
Plasschaert, A. J. M., Manogue, M. R., Lindh, C., McLoughlin, J., Murtomaa, H. T., Nattestad, A., & Sanz, M. (2007) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00445.x · Cited by 78
Twelve tips for constructing problem-based learning cases
Azer, S. A., Peterson, R., Guerrero, A. P. S., & Edgren, G. (2012) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.613500 · Cited by 77
Application of Problem Based Learning through Research Investigation
Beringer, J. (2007) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098260701514033 · Cited by 74
Problem-Based Learning: An Integration of Theory and Field
Lam, D. O. B. (2004) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2004.10672294 · Cited by 73
Trend spotting: fashions in medical education
Campbell, J. K., & Johnson, C. A. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7193.1272 · Cited by 72
Cultivating problem‐solving skills through problem‐based approaches to professional development
Lohman, M. C. (2002) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.1029 · Cited by 72
Dysfunctional problem-based learning curricula: resolving the problem
Lim, W. K. (2012) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-12-89 · Cited by 71
Problem Finding through Design Thinking in Education
Melles, G. B., Anderson, N. E., Barrett, T., & Thompson-Whiteside, S. (2015) · Innovations in higher education teaching and learning · doi:10.1108/s2055-364120150000003027 · Cited by 76
Problem‐based learning in dental education: what's the evidence for and against … and is it worth the effort?
Winning, T. A., & Townsend, G. (2007) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00458.x · Cited by 68
Comparison of the problem based learning-driven with the traditional didactic-lecture-based curricula
Zahid, M. A., Varghese, R., Mohammed, A. M., & Ayed, A. K. (2016) · International Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.5116/ijme.5749.80f5 · Cited by 69
The progress test of medicine: the Dutch experience
Tio, R. A., Schütte, B., Meiboom, A. A., Greidanus, J. W., Dubois, E. A., Bremers, A. J. A., & Dutch Working Group (2016) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-015-0237-1 · Cited by 67
What Happens To the Student? The Neglected Variable in Educational Outcome Research
ten Cate, O. (2001) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1023/a:1009874100973 · Cited by 67
A comparison of course-related stressors in undergraduate problem-based learning (PBL) versus non-PBL medical programmes
Lewis, A. D., Menezes, D. B., McDermott, H., HIBBERT, L. J., Brennan, S.-L., Ross, E. E., & Jones, L. A. (2009) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-9-60 · Cited by 63
Clinical Reasoning and Case-Based Decision Making: The Fundamental Challenge to Veterinary Educators
May, S. A. (2013) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Education · doi:10.3138/jvme.0113-008r · Cited by 65
Enhancing students’ approaches to learning: the added value of gradually implementing case-based learning
Baeten, M., Dochy, F. J. R. C., & Struyven, K. (2012) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0116-7 · Cited by 67
Viewpoint: Leaving the ???Empty Glass??? of Problem-Based Learning Behind: New Assumptions and a Revised Model for Case Study in Preclinical Medical Education
Shanley, P. F. (2007) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31803eac4c · Cited by 59
Group interaction in problem‐based learning tutorials: a systematic review
Azer, S. A., & Azer, D. (2014) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.12121 · Cited by 63
Teaching computer science through problems, not solutions
Fee, S. B., & Holland-Minkley, A. M. (2010) · Computer Science Education · doi:10.1080/08993408.2010.486271 · Cited by 58
Problem-Based Learning
Loyens, S. M. M., Wijnia, L., Duker, I., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.861 · Cited by 62
Teaching and learning methods compared: A pedagogical evaluation of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture methods in developing learners’ cognitive abilities
Ssemugenyi, F. (2023) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2023.2187943 · Cited by 56
Problem-based learning: A review of current issues relevant to physiotherapy education
Solomon, P. E. (2005) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593980590911499 · Cited by 55
Problem‐based learning in Asian universities
Hussain, R. M. R., Mamat, W. H. W., Salleh, N. M., Saat, R. M., & Harland, T. (2007) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075070701685171 · Cited by 54
Development of knowledge in basic sciences: a comparison of two medical curricula
Nouns, Z. M., Schauber, S. K., Witt, C. M., Kingreen, H., & Schüttpelz‐Brauns, K. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12047 · Cited by 53
Indian Dental Education in the New Millennium: Challenges and Opportunities
Elangovan, S., Allareddy, V., Singh, F., Taneja, P., & Karimbux, N. Y. (2010) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2010.74.9.tb04957.x · Cited by 52
Making Sense of Trying Not to Teach
Maudsley, G. (2002) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200202000-00017 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Enhancing Thai student-teacher problem-solving skills and academic achievement through a blended problem-based learning approach in online flipped classrooms
Pimdee, P., Sukkamart, A., Nantha, C., Kantathanawat, T., & Leekitchwatana, P. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29172 · Cited by 49
Problem based learning in the clinical setting – A systematic review
Williams, S., & Beattie, H. (2007) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2007.03.007 · Cited by 48
Virtual patient simulator for distributed collaborative medical education
Caudell, T. P., Summers, K. L., Holten, J., Hakamata, T., Mowafi, M., Jacobs, J., Lozanoff, B. K., Lozanoff, S., Wilks, D., Keep, M. F., et al. (2003) · The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist · doi:10.1002/ar.b.10007 · Cited by 61
Adult learning, self‐directed learning and problem‐based learning: deconstructing the connections
Miflin, B. (2004) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/1356251032000155821 · Cited by 45
Problem-based learning, critical thinking and concept mapping in speech-language pathology education: A review
Mok, C. K. F., Whitehill, T. L., & Dodd, B. J. (2008) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549500802277492 · Cited by 45
Adaptive Role Playing Games: An Immersive Approach for Problem Based Learning.
Sancho, P., Pablo Moreno-ger, A., Fuentes‐Fernández, R., & Fernández‐Manjón, B. (2009) · Cited by 44
Do occupational therapy and physiotherapy students care about research? A survey of perceptions and attitudes to research
Kamwendo, K., & Törnquist, K. B. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2001.00041.x · Cited by 44
Impact of the transition from a conventional to an integrated contextual medical curriculum on students' learning patterns: A longitudinal study
der Veken, J. V., Valcke, M., Maeseneer, J. D., & Derese, A. (2008) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590802141159 · Cited by 43
Taking Emotion Seriously: Meeting Students Where They Are
Sunderland, M. E. (2013) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9427-y · Cited by 44
Practice-based small group learning programs: systematic review.
Zaher, E., & Ratnapalan, S. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 43
Problem-based learning at the receiving end: A ‘mixed methods’ study of junior medical students’ perspectives
Maudsley, G., Williams, E. M. I., & Taylor, D. (2007) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-006-9056-9 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Problem‐based learning in regional anatomy education at Peking University
Wang, J., Zhang, W., Qin, L., Zhao, J., Zhang, S., Gu, J., & Zhou, C. (2010) · Anatomical Sciences Education · doi:10.1002/ase.151 · Cited by 42
The role of environmental and individual characteristics in the development of student achievement: a comparison between a traditional and a problem-based-learning curriculum
Schauber, S. K., Hecht, M., Nouns, Z. M., Kuhlmey, A., & Dettmer, S. (2015) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9584-2 · Cited by 48
Developing an instrument to characterise peer‐led groups in collaborative learning environments: assessing problem‐solving approach and group interaction
Pazos, P., Micari, M., & Light, G. J. (2009) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602930802691572 · Cited by 42
Top‐Cited Articles in Problem‐Based Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis and Quality of Evidence Assessment
Azer, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.21815/jde.016.011 · Cited by 45
Small groups and problem-based learning: are we singing from the same hymn sheet?
Miflin, B. (2004) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590410001696425 · Cited by 40
Observational analysis of near‐peer and faculty tutoring in problem‐based learning groups
Cianciolo, A. T., Kidd, B., & Murray, S. (2016) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12969 · Cited by 47
Problem- vs. lecture-based pharmacology teaching in a German medical school
Michel, M. C., Bischoff, A., zu Heringdorf, D. M., Neumann, D., & Jakobs, K. (2002) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-002-0570-x · Cited by 39
aprendizaje basado en proyectos
Sandoval, E. R., & Vargas, E. M. (2010) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 39
Interface between problem-based learning and a learner-centered paradigm
Karimi, R. (2011) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s12794 · Cited by 37
The CIP (comprehensive integrative puzzle) assessment method
Ber, R. (2003) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159031000092571 · Cited by 37
Does a Coeliac School increase psychological well‐being in women suffering from coeliac disease, living on a gluten‐free diet?
Jacobsson, L. R., Friedrichsen, M., Göransson, A., & Hallert, C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03953.x · Cited by 36
“What’s So Terrible About Swallowing an Apple Seed?” Problem-Based Learning in Kindergarten
Zhang, M., Parker, J. M., Eberhardt, J., & Passalacqua, S. (2011) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9309-0 · Cited by 36
Why is evidence from ethnographic and discourse research needed in medical education: the case of problem-based learning
Leung, W. (2002) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590220125268 · Cited by 36
The Problem‐Based Learning Process
Wijnia, L., Loyens, S. M. M., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119173243.ch12 · Cited by 47
Problem-based learning and larger student groups: mutually exclusive or compatible concepts – a pilot study
KINGSBURY, M. P., & Lymn, J. (2008) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-8-35 · Cited by 35

Authors: Maudsley, G.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Maudsley, G
ORCID: Maudsley, G
Venue: Academic Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-02
Volume: 74
Issue: 2
Pages: 178-85
ISSN: 1040-2446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016
OpenAlex: W2026944768
Cited by: 367
References: 16
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 72.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biomedical and Engineering Education
Keywords: problem-based learning, problem-based curriculum, undergraduate medical education, problem solving, curriculum development, conceptual clarity, medical curriculum reform
MeSH terms: Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Humans, Problem-Based Learning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Do we all mean the same thing by “problem-based learning”? A review of the concepts and a formulation of the ground rules

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks