Cited by 367Problem and Project Based LearningInnovations in Medical EducationBiomedical and Engineering Education

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Do we all mean the same thing by “problem-based learning”? A review of the concepts and a formulation of the ground rules

Maudsley, G·1999·Academic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016

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Abstract

Problem-based learning (PBL) has emerged as a useful tool of epistemological reform in higher education, particularly in medical schools. Indeed, PBL has spent most of its career inducing revolutionary undergraduate medical reform. Nevertheless, obtaining informed agreement on the characteristics of the PBL "genus" is a challenge when the label is vulnerable to being borrowed for prestige or subversion. Many "PBL" single-subject courses within traditional curricula do not use PBL at all. Such semantic uncertainty compromises the evidence-base on the added value of problem-based versus traditional approaches and the main messages for good practice. This literature review explores what is meant by the term PBL by aiming to answer the following questions: What difficulties are inherent in the "problem-based" tag? What does the term "problem-based curriculum" imply? How has PBL been characterized and validated by focusing on its purpose? How else has PBL been characterized? How does PBL relate to problem solving? How does PBL relate to epistemological reform? In conclusion, what ground rules can be formulated for PBL? Despite much conceptual fog lingering over the PBL literature, useful ground rules can be formulated.

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Authors: Maudsley, G.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Maudsley, G
ORCID: Maudsley, G
Venue: Academic Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-02
Volume: 74
Issue: 2
Pages: 178-85
ISSN: 1040-2446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016
OpenAlex: W2026944768
Cited by: 367
References: 16
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 72.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biomedical and Engineering Education
Keywords: problem-based learning, problem-based curriculum, undergraduate medical education, problem solving, curriculum development, conceptual clarity, medical curriculum reform
MeSH terms: Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Humans, Problem-Based Learning

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Do we all mean the same thing by “problem-based learning”? A review of the concepts and a formulation of the ground rules

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