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Changes in Plasma Norepinephrine to Combat-Related Stimuli among Vietnam Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Abstract
Plasma norepinephrine samples were obtained before and after exposure to auditory stimuli reminiscent of combat from two groups of male Vietnam veterans with combat experience: one with diagnoses of PTSD (N = 15) and one with no mental disorder (N = 6). Results showed a significant 30% rise in plasma norepinephrine for the PTSD group, with no change in the comparison group.
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“and following exposure to threatening stimuli (Blanchard et al, 1991;Geracioti et al, 2008).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Blanchard et al, 1991
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“This is particularly important as both stimuli increase cerebral spinal fluid and brain NE and its metabolites in humans [99–105], and pre-clinical studies have shown that the male LC habituates to repeated stress or alcohol exposures while the female LC does not [70, 106].”
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“Par exemple, il a été montré qu’en réponse à un stimulus sonore lié au traumatisme, les vétérans avec ESPT augmentent leur taux de noradrénaline et leur rythme cardiaque, alors qu’aucune variation n’est constatée chez les vétérans non-ESPT (Blanchard et al, 1991).”
Bremner, J. D., Gazi, A. H., Gurel, N. Z., Lambert, T. P., Wittbrodt, M. T., Welsh, J. W., Pearce, B. D., Vaccarino, V., Shah, A. J., & Inan, O. T. (2026) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2026.2726826
Metadata
- Authors
- BLANCHARD, E. B., KOLB, L. C., PRINS, A., GATES, S., & McCOY, G. C.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- Albany Medical College (US)
- ORCID
- PRINS, ANNABEL
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 1991-06
- Volume
- 179
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 371-373
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964972447
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-37838)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- plasma norepinephrine, post-traumatic stress disorder, Vietnam War veterans, autonomic arousal, combat exposure
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Memory, Norepinephrine, Posture, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Tape Recording, Veterans, Vietnam, Warfare
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