The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of mode and carbohydrate on the cytokine response to heavy exertion
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of exercise mode and 6% carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion, on blood cell counts, plasma glucose, hormone, and inflammatory cytokine responses (five total samples over 9 h) to 2.5 h of high-intensity running and cycling (approximately 75% VO2max) by 10 triathletes who acted as their own controls. Statistical significance was set at P < or = 0.05. RESULTS: C relative to P ingestion (but not exercise mode) was associated with higher plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lower plasma cortisol and growth hormone, and diminished perturbation in blood immune cell counts. The pattern of change over time for interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly different between C and P conditions (P = 0.021) and between running and cycling modes (P < 0.001), with the lowest postexercise values seen in the C-cycling sessions (10.7 +/- 1.8 pg x mL(-1)) and the highest in the P-running sessions (51.6 +/- 14.2 pg x mL(-1)). The pattern of change over time between C and P conditions (but not modes) was significantly different for IL-1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.003), with values once again lowest for the C-cycling sessions (1.5 h postexercise, 301 +/- 114 pg x mL(-1)) and highest for the P-running sessions (1171 +/- 439 pg x mL(-1)). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that carbohydrate versus placebo ingestion (4 mL x kg(-1) carbohydrate or placebo every 15 min of the 2.5-h exercise bout) is associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol response, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.
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In the citing paper
“Higher plasma levels of IL-6 have been reported in some studies that use running as a model of physical exercise compared to those which use cycling (Nieman et al., 1998; Starkie et al., 2001).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Nieman et al., 1998
In the citing paper
“According to these studies, the running model leads to a greater release of IL-6 because of the greater muscle damage which occurs due to its eccentric component being larger compared to that of cycling.”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Nieman et al., 1998
Citations
Cites
Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration.
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Specific determination of blood glucose with o-toluidine
Hyvärinen, A., & Nikkilä, E. A. (1962) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(62)90133-x · Cited by 556
Exercise‐induced increase in serum interleukin‐6 in humans is related to muscle damage.
Brüünsgaard, H., Galbo, H., Halkjær-Kristensen, J., Johansen, T., MacLean, D. A., & Pedersen, B. K. (1997) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021972 · Cited by 455
Carbohydrate and the cytokine response to 2.5 h of running
Nehlsen-Cannarella, S. L., Fagoaga, O. R., Nieman, D. C., Henson, D. A., Butterworth, D. E., Schmitt, R. L., Bailey, E. M., Warren, B. J., Utter, A., & Davis, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1662 · Cited by 311
Self-citationDrenth, J. P. H., Uum, S. H. M. V., van Deuren, M., Pesman, G. J., van der Ven‐Jongekrijg, J., & van der Meer, J. W. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.79.5.1497 · Cited by 294
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Enhanced release of cytokines, interleukin-2 receptors, and neopterin after long-distance running
Sprenger, H., Jacobs, C., Nain, M., Gressner, A. M., Prinz, H., Wesemann, W., & Gemsa, D. (1992) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(92)90012-d · Cited by 195
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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise
Petersen, A. M. W., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004 · Cited by 3,100
Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49 · Cited by 2,909
Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.90100.2007 · Cited by 2,388
Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation
Pedersen, B. K., & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055 · Cited by 1,710
The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system
Nieman, D. C., & Wentz, L. M. (2019) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009 · Cited by 1,340
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- NIEMAN, D. C., NEHLSEN-CANNARELLA, S. L., FAGOAGA, O. R., HENSON, D. A., UTTER, A., DAVIS, J. M., WILLIAMS, F., & BUTTERWORTH, D. E.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- NIEMAN, DAVID C.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 671-678
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988501271
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 16.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- carbohydrate intake, exercise mode, high-intensity running, cycling, heavy exercise, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, cortisol, insulin, plasma glucose, immune cell counts, triathletes, exercise immunology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beverages, Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Carbohydrates, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Endurance, Running, Cytokines
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