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A Spanish Language Version Of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile
Abstract
The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) is described. The 48-item instrument was translated into Spanish and found to be culturally relevant and reliable in a pilot study. The Spanish version was then administered to a diverse but predominantly Mexican-American group of 485 Hispanics residing in metropolitan and surrounding rural areas. In a principal components factor analysis, all but one item loaded significantly on six factors similar to those isolated previously during psychometric assessment of the English language version. Those six dimensions comprise the HPLP subscales of self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management. The six factors explained 45.9% of the variance in the measure. Second-order factor analysis yielded a single factor, interpreted as health-promoting lifestyle. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was .93 and 2-week test-retest reliability was .86; alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from .70 to .87.
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The original HPLP has preliminary evidence of content validity and adequate internal consistency in its original English version and initial Spanish adaptation.
“It has preliminary evidence of content validity and adequate internal consistency, both in its original English version and in its initial Spanish adaptation [14, 16].”
From Psychometric validation and measurement invariance of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II in Honduran university students (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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A Case Study in Translation Methodology Using the Health‐Promotion Lifestyle Profile II
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Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Elderly Korean Immigrants in the United States
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“The Spanish-language HPLP was used with 485 urban Hispanics, mostly of Mexican origin (Walker et al., 1990); 36 migrant farm workers of Mexican origin (Kerr & Ritchey, 1990); 106 urban Hispanics, mostly from Central America (Kuster & Fong, 1993); and 397 employed Mexican American women living near…”
MethodSelf-citationPredictors of Health‐Promoting Behaviors Among Freshman Dental Students at Istanbul University
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“HPLP II was used to measure students’ healthpromoting behaviors.(26) The scale was comprised of fifty-two items in six subscales: spiritual growth, health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, and stress management.”
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“The translation of the Rome II criteria into Korean followed the method used by Walker et al. [ 27 ].”
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“This scale has been used in clinical settings and research studies [37,38] and has been translated and validated in different languages [39–41].”
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“in the Hispanic population of the United States was used [36].”
MethodDeterminants of reported health promotion behaviors in employed Mexican American women
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“The aim of the educational intervention period was to obtain positive changes of behaviour in the six aspects of the HPLP in both groups of women.(38) The HPP was applied over 3 months, with a total of 33 educational sessions, for both SDAW and NSDAW and consisted of a cognitive-perceptual programme in which the benef…”
MethodInfluentialDETERMINANTES SOCIALES EN SALUD Y ESTILOS DE VIDA EN POBLACIÓN ADULTA DE CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE
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“El coeficiente de confiabilidad alfa para la escala total fue de 0,93, la fiabilidad test-retest a las dos semanas fue de 0,86; coeficientes alfa de las subescalas oscilaron desde 0,70 hasta 0,87 (24).”
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“Testretest reliability was higher when compared with the original study [5], Iranian version [25], Taiwanese version [11], Spanish version [7] and Portuguese version [10].”
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“By choosing this lifestyle, persons act to maintain or increase the level of well‐being, self‐actualization, and self‐satisfaction.([15,16]) The results of the studies suggest that some components of a healthy lifestyle after the diagnosis of CRC include having a normal BMI, regular physical activity, limited consumpt…”
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“Instruments are observed variables, which can be measures of an unobserved latent variable.”
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“In 1990, the HPLP was translated from English to Spanish and tested with 485 Hispanic adults, showing that the Spanish version had sufficient validity and reliability [35].”
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“Health promotion behaviors were assessed using five sub-scales of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II: health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, and stress management (Walker et al., 1987, 1988, 1990).”
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“A Spanish-language version of the Healthy Lifestyle Profile– II developed by Walker et al. (1990) was used, which was translated and validated through administration to 485 Mexican Americans.”
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“La variable dependiente fue la Conducta Promotora de Salud (CPS), la cual fue medida a través de la Escala Estilo de Vida Promotor de Salud (EVPS II) de Pender, Walker y Schrist(8).”
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“For the Spanish version of the HPLP II, Walker et al. (1990) reported an alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale of .93, a 2-week test-retest reliability of .86; and subscales alpha coefficients ranged from .70 to .87.”
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“Percepción de Salud Menos saludable que otros estudiantes 94 16,9 (13,8-20,0) Tan saludable como otros estudiantes 281 50,4 (46,3-54,6) Más saludable que otros estudiantes 183 32,7 (28,8-36,6) Conformidad con propio peso No conforme con mi peso 116 20,8 (17,4-24,2) Más o menos conforme 242 43,3 (39,1-47,4) Muy conform…”
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“The second part was the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) with 52 questions by Walker et al. (1990).”
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“The health promoting lifestyles of Latino congregants were measured using the English or Spanish version of the HPLP II [13], a revision of the HPLP developed by Walker et al.”
MethodGómez-Acosta, A., Escobar-Velásquez, K. D., & Barajas-Lizarazo, M. (2024) · Duazary · doi:10.21676/2389783x.5435 · Cited by 5
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“, 2009), the Eating Self-Efficacy Scale (ESE; Glynn & Ruderman, 1986), and the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (Lorig, Ritter, Jacquez, 2005); and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII; Walker et al., 1990) were used to assess health literacy, diabetes knowledge, SE, and health behaviors, respectively.”
MethodKIRTEPE, A., & UĞURLU, F. M. (2023) · Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.38021/asbid.1312145 · Cited by 5
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“The HPLP has been used in both young people and adults [10,11].”
The Space Between: Transformative Learning and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management
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“, 2009), Eating SelfEfficacy (Glynn & Ruderman, 1986) and Diabetes SelfEfficacy Scales (Lorig, Ritter, & Gonzalez, 2003), and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (Walker et al., 1990).”
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“HPLP-II: It was first developed by Walker et al in 1987 in order to assess health-promoting behaviors (16).”
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“(2007) have similar findings in their intervention (38).”
BackgroundMexican American women's struggle to create health
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Castillo-Díaz, M. A., & Periañez, C. A. H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25899-9 · Cited by 4
“It has preliminary evidence of content validity and adequate internal consistency, both in its original English version and in its initial Spanish adaptation [14, 16].”
Climaterio relacionado al estilo de vida en mujeres de una población mexiquense
Garduño, M. D. M., Bello, P. C., González, E. M., Rios-Becerril, J., & Torres, D. G. (2022) · Enfermería Global · doi:10.6018/eglobal.516611 · Cited by 3
[Association of intake macro and micronutrients with life quality of life in elderly].
Durán‐Agüero, S., Cañete, N. G., D'Ardaillon, F. P., & Johns, P. C. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.31.6.8923 · Cited by 3
Varjoshani, N. J., Avazeh, A., Alizadeh, S., & Kamali, K. (2020) · Preventive Care In Nursing and Midwifery Journal · doi:10.52547/pcnm.10.3.1 · Cited by 3
NURSING STUDENTS’ LIFESTYLE AND RELATED FACTORS
Ruiz, V. M. T., Lima, R. B. D. S., Hernández, J. R. S., Zúñiga, E. A. J., & Barbosa, L. P. (2022) · Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2022-0070en · Cited by 3
Mohebi, Z., Bijani, M., Alkamel, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-025-07164-9 · Cited by 3
“It measures health promoting lifestyles as health promoting behaviors (HPB) by focusing on self-initiated actions and perceptions that serve to maintain or enhance the level of wellness, self-actualization, and fulfillment of the individual [23].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- WALKER, S. N., KERR, M. J., PENDER, N. J., & SECHRIST, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Venue
- Nursing Research
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 268???273
- ISSN
- 0029-6562 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046233208
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Spanish translation, cross-cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, health-promoting lifestyle, Mexican Americans, Hispanic adults, self-realization, health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal support, stress management, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Communication, Communication Barriers, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Health Promotion, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Life Style, Mexico, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Translations, United States
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