Studies of Syncope: IV. Biologic Interpretation of Vasodepressor Syncope

In the citing paper

“Earlier research also suggested that the initial phase before onset of syncope is characterized by increases in both HR and BP (Graham et al., 1961; Engel & Romano, 1947).”

In the citing paper

“Similarly, earlier work of George Engel on the “vasodepressor syncope” (Engel & Romano, 1947) focused to a greater extent on the latter mechanism, although the varying importance of bradycardia vs. vasodilation across individuals was already reflected in their times (see Romano & Engel, 1945, discussion chaired by Franz Alexander).”

In the citing paper

“In the work of both authors, the clearest demonstrations of a cardiovascular adjustment pattern with two phases, including the initial rise in HR and BP followed by subsequent falls, were based on case studies.”

In the citing paper

“The majority of psychophysiological studies that often include a component of exposure to feared stimuli (e.g., films of surgery, blood- and injury pictures) have documented pre-syncopal episodes (or “gray-outs,” Engel & Romano, 1947), while documentations of self-reported loss of consciousness (“black-outs”) are rare (see e.g., Steptoe & Wardle, 1988).”

In the citing paper

“In referring back to Cannon’s work on the fight-flight response, Engel and Romano (1947) pointed out that hyperventilation was part of the response pattern.”

In the citing paper

“In the reported case studies, this strategy was successful in keeping patients from fainting.”