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The Role of Social Relations in Health Promotion
Abstract
In considering new paradigms for the prevention and treatment of disease and disability, we need to incorporate ways to promote social support and develop family and community strengths and abilities into our interventions. There is now a substantial body of evidence that indicates that the extent to which social relationships are strong and supportive is related to the health of individuals who live within such social contexts. A review of population-based research on mortality risk over the last 20 years indicates that people who are isolated are at increased mortality risk from a number of causes. More recent studies indicate that social support is particularly related to survival postmyocardial infarction. The pathways that lead from such socioenvironmental exposures to poor health outcomes are likely to be multiple and include behavioral mechanisms and more direct physiologic pathways related to neuroendocrine or immunologic function. For social support to be health promoting, it must provide both a sense of belonging and intimacy and must help people to be more competent and self-efficacious. Acknowledging that health promotion rests on the shoulders not only of individuals but also of their families and communities means that we must commit resources over the next decade to designing, testing, and implementing interventions in this area.
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“However, less strenuous leisure activities, such as attending classes or volunteering, also have been associated with better functioning (Berkman et al., 1995;Herzog, Franks, Markus, & Holmberg, 1998) and survival (Glass, Mendes de Leon, Marottoli, & Berkman, 1999) among older adults.”
From Relationship of activity and social support to the functional health of older adults (2000) · cites this paper as Berkman et al., 1995
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“Perceived emotional support is regarded as the most significant type of support and found to be a stronger predictor for positive physical and mental health- related outcomes than instrumental support (Berkman, 1995; Thoits, 1995; Viswesvaran, Sanchez, & Fisher, 1999).”
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“The link between social isolation and lower psychological well-being has been well established (see Berkman, 1995).”
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Bergelt, C., Prescott, E., Grønbæk, M., Koch, U., & Johansen, C. (2009) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/02841860903036230 · Cited by 13
“It has been reported that people with a limited social network and poor social support are at increased risk for several adverse health outcomes [3], such as overall mortality [4 7] and the incidence of coronary heart disease [8 10].”
BackgroundCiarlo, G., Liebl, P., Zell, J., Feßler, J., Koester, M.-J., Ruetters, D., Mugele, K., & Hübner, J. (2016) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12557 · Cited by 13
Inoue, M., & Yamaoka, K. (2016) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2016.147 · Cited by 15
Moving Beyond Housing: Service Implications for Veterans Entering Permanent Supportive Housing
Harris, T. E., Winetrobe, H., Rhoades, H., Castro, C. A., & Wenzel, S. L. (2018) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-018-0648-7 · Cited by 14
“Relationships play a critical role in facilitating health behavior change (Heaney and Israel 2008; Berkman 1995; Kelly et al. 1991) and use of services (Kouzis and Eaton 1998; Lam and Rosenheck 1999; Penning 1995).”
BackgroundSocial support, work hours and health: A comparative study of sole and partnered Australian mothers
Robinson, L. D., Magee, C., & Caputi, P. (2013) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2013.10.010 · Cited by 13
Development and Validation of an Indicator of Support forCommunity Residing Older Canadians
Kristjansson, B., Breithaupt, K., & McDowell, I. (2001) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610202008062 · Cited by 13
Rankin, S. H., Butzlaff, A., Carroll, D. L., & REEDY, I. (2005) · Clinical Nurse Specialist · doi:10.1097/00002800-200505000-00012 · Cited by 13
“However, without a spouse or partner to monitor the performance of self-management tasks, socially isolated unpartnered elders are at risk for poor health outcomes.(21) In this study, the pairing of 2 theory-based interventions, that is, social support and self-efficacy enhancement, to provide supportive monitoring an…”
BackgroundAanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2009) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2009.9721797 · Cited by 13
“Berkman (1995), Seeman and McEwan (1996) and more recently Cohen (2004) have confirmed the stress-buffering hypothesis, and plausible physiological mechanisms of stress buffering have been documented (Uchino, 2006).”
BackgroundSocioeconomic status and health behaviors among californians
Grzywacz, J. G. (2000) · Research in the sociology of health care · doi:10.1016/s0275-4959(00)80025-3 · Cited by 11
Archuleta, A. J., & Lakhwani, M. (2016) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdw005 · Cited by 11
Vincent‐Höper, S., Gregersen, S., & Nienhaus, A. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · doi:10.1026/0932-4089/a000249 · Cited by 12
Factors associated with social support in child-rearing among mothers in post-disaster communities
Nishihara, M., Nakamura, Y., Fuchimukai, T., & Ohnishi, M. (2018) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-018-0747-7 · Cited by 12
Diress, G., Endalifer, M. L., Addisu, A., & Mengist, B. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061801 · Cited by 12
Explanations for Education Gradients in Depression
Lee, J., & Smith, J. P. (2011) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027511409440 · Cited by 13
“Education also helps to build a social network, not only a larger network but also one providing more social support (Berkman 1995), and leads to a more educated spouse through assortative mating (Mare 1991): The more a person is educated, the more educated his or her spouse would be.”
BackgroundSoltani, M. A. T., Karaminia, R., & Hashemian, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/2277-9531.134757 · Cited by 12
“[39] Social support reduces the likelihood of becoming ill and it will accelerate recovery and reduce mortality.[40] Another finding from the research, according to the fitted model, is that spiritual well‐being directly impresses upon life satisfaction.”
ResultSakakibara, B. M., Chakrabarti, S., Krahn, A. D., Mackay, M., Sedlak, T., Singer, J., Whitehurst, D. G. T., & Lear, S. A. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/12322 · Cited by 12
“Social support programs that facilitate patients sharing information can reduce depression, provide comfort, restore confidence, improve functional status, and offer practical solutions for self-management [19], which, in turn, can result in lower rates of premature mortality [20] and fewer subsequent CVD events [21].”
BackgroundThe legacy of the Black Church: older African Americans’ religiousness
Thompson, E. H., Futterman, A. M., & McDonnell, M. O. (2019) · Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging · doi:10.1080/15528030.2019.1611521 · Cited by 12
“Studies have shown that the friendships derived from participation in a church community and the social capital gained by holding positions within the church facilitate participation and faith (Berkman, 1995; Ferraro & Koch, 1994; Idler, 1987; Taylor et al., 2004).”
BackgroundWhittal, A., & Rosenberg, E. (2015) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0250-3 · Cited by 12
Community participation in primary care in Ireland: the need for implementation research
McEvoy, R., & MacFarlane, A. E. (2012) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423612000163 · Cited by 13
“If the observed positive impacts of the Joint Initiative outlined above are to lead to the health gains that the international literature identifies (Berkman, 1995; Kawachi and Kennedy, 1997; Marmot, 2010), then the issue of sustaining these projects and implementing community participation in…”
BackgroundD, R. S. M. (2003) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 12
(2004) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-18.5.tahp-1 · Cited by 12
Muriisa, R. K. (2009) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 12
Householder bushfire preparation : decision-making and the implications for risk communication
Prior, T. (2010) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23210675 · Cited by 12
Paid health and family leave: the Canadian experience in the global context.
Heymann, J. S., Gerecke, M., & Chaussard, M. (2010) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1007/bf03403840 · Cited by 11
Ashida, T., Fujiwara, T., & Kondo, K. (2022) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101090 · Cited by 11
“Social integration has been reported as having a powerful impact on health (Berkman et al., 2000) via reinforcement of meaningful social roles and attachment and via facilitating access to resources and material goods through social networks (Berkman, 1995; Cohen, 2004).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Berkman, L. F.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berkman, Lisa F.
- ORCID
- Berkman, Lisa F.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 245-254
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066047381
- Cited by
- 1,233
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7r01ag011042-03)
- National Institute on Aging (1P60 AG10469-01A1, R01 AG11042-01A1, P60AG010469)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Community Health and Development
- Keywords
- social support, interpersonal relationships, health promotion, social isolation, mortality risk, sense of belonging, self-efficacy, neuroendocrine pathways, behavioral mechanisms, disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Disease Susceptibility, Health Promotion, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Social Support, Health Behavior, Survival Rate
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