The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levator Ani Muscle Stretch Induced by Simulated Vaginal Birth
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a three-dimensional computer model to predict levator ani muscle stretch during vaginal birth. METHODS: Serial magnetic resonance images from a healthy nulliparous 34-year-old woman, published anatomic data, and engineering graphics software were used to construct a structural model of the levator ani muscles along with related passive tissues. The model was used to quantify pelvic floor muscle stretch induced during the second stage of labor as a model fetal head progressively engaged and then stretched the iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles. RESULTS: The largest tissue strain reached a stretch ratio (tissue length under stretch/original tissue length) of 3.26 in medial pubococcygeus muscle, the shortest, most medial and ventral levator ani muscle. Regions of the ileococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles reached maximal stretch ratios of 2.73, 2.50, and 2.28, respectively. Tissue stretch ratios were proportional to fetal head size: For example, increasing fetal head diameter by 9% increased medial pubococcygeus stretch by the same amount. CONCLUSION: The medial pubococcygeus muscles undergo the largest stretch of any levator ani muscles during vaginal birth. They are therefore at the greatest risk for stretch-related injury.
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Citations
Cites
Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence
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Self-citationEpidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association study
Mant, J., Painter, R., & Vessey, M. (1997) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11536.x · Cited by 778
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DeLancey, J. (2003) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02465-1 · Cited by 619
Self-citationAnnual Direct Cost of Urinary Incontinence
Wilson, L., Brown, J. S., Shin, G. P., Luc, K.-O., & Subak, L. L. (2001) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200109000-00007 · Cited by 420
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Chitty, L. S., Altman, D. G., Henderson, A., & Campbell, S. (1994) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13007.x · Cited by 323
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Annual direct cost of urinary incontinence
Wilson, L. (2001) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01464-8 · Cited by 272
Treatment of stress urinary incontinence due to paravaginal fascial defect.
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Cited by
DeLancey, J. O. L., Morgan, D. M., Fenner, D. E., Kearney, R., Guire, K., Miller, J. M., Hussain, H., Umek, W., Hsu, Y., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2007) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000250901.57095.ba · Cited by 707
Self-citationLevator Trauma After Vaginal Delivery
Dietz, H. P., & Lanzarone, V. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000178779.62181.01 · Cited by 553
Obstetric Factors Associated With Levator Ani Muscle Injury After Vaginal Birth
Kearney, R., Miller, J. M., Ashton-Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. L. (2006) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000194063.63206.1c · Cited by 458
Self-citationIntrapartum risk factors for levator trauma
Shek, K., & Dietz, H. (2010) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x · Cited by 358
The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients
Dietz, H., & Steensma, A. (2006) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00819.x · Cited by 270
Metadata
- Authors
- Lien, K.-C., Mooney, B., DeLancey, J. O. L., & Ashton-Miller, J. A.
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-40
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108534581
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Lien, K.-C., Mooney, B., DeLancey, J. O. L., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2004). Levator Ani Muscle Stretch Induced by Simulated Vaginal Birth. Obstetrics & Gynecology. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000109207.22354.65
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