The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Obstetric Factors Associated With Levator Ani Muscle Injury After Vaginal Birth
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify obstetric factors associated with development of levator ani injury after vaginal birth. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were taken of the pelvic floor of 160 women 9 to 12 months after first term vaginal delivery. Half the women had de novo stress incontinence and half were continent controls. Abnormalities of the pubovisceral portion were identified on magnetic resonance as present or absent. Defect severity was further scored in each muscle from 0 (no defect) to 3 (complete muscle loss). A summed score for the 2 sides (0 to 6) was assigned and grouped as minor (0-3) or major (4-6). Obstetric details were collected. The association between obstetric variables and muscle injury were analyzed using Fisher exact test and t tests. RESULTS: The following increased odds ratios for levator defect were found: forceps use 14.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-44.3), anal sphincter rupture 8.1 (95% CI 3.3-19.5) and episiotomy 3.1 (95% CI 1.4-7.2) but not vacuum delivery 0.9 (95% CI 0.19-4.3), epidural use 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-2.0), or oxytocin use 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-1.8). Women with levator injury were 3.5 years older and had a 78-minute longer second stage of labor. Differences in gestational age, birth weight, and head circumference were not statistically significant. A major defect in the pubovisceral muscle was seen in 22 women and a minor defect in 7 women. CONCLUSION: Injuries to the levator ani muscles in women after their first vaginal delivery are associated with several obstetric factors indicating difficult vaginal birth and with older age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3.
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Cites
The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction
Bump, R. C., Mattiasson, A., Bø, K., Brubaker, L. P., DeLancey, J. O. L., Klarskov, P., Shull, B. L., & Smith, A. R. B. (1996) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70243-0 · Cited by 4,275
Self-citationAnal-Sphincter Disruption during Vaginal Delivery
Sultan, A. H., Kamm, M. A., Hudson, C. N., Thomas, J. M., & Bartram, C. I. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312233292601 · Cited by 1,533
Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study
ALLEN, R. E., HOSKER, G. L., SMITH, A. R. B., & WARRELL, D. W. (1990) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02570.x · Cited by 805
Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association study
Mant, J., Painter, R., & Vessey, M. (1997) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11536.x · Cited by 778
Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair
Sultan, A. H., Kamm, M. A., Hudson, C. N., & Bartram, C. I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6933.887 · Cited by 761
DeLancey, J. (2003) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02465-1 · Cited by 619
Self-citationLevator Ani Muscle Stretch Induced by Simulated Vaginal Birth
Lien, K.-C., Mooney, B., DeLancey, J. O. L., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2004) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000109207.22354.65 · Cited by 466
Self-citationAge- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study
Rortveit, G. (2001) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01566-6 · Cited by 330
Cheng, Y. W., Hopkins, L. M., & Caughey, A. B. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.044 · Cited by 327
Hoyte, L., Schierlitz, L., Zou, K., Flesh, G., & Fielding, J. R. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.116365 · Cited by 251
Cited by
DeLancey, J. O. L., Morgan, D. M., Fenner, D. E., Kearney, R., Guire, K., Miller, J. M., Hussain, H., Umek, W., Hsu, Y., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2007) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000250901.57095.ba · Cited by 707
Self-citationIntrapartum risk factors for levator trauma
Shek, K., & Dietz, H. (2010) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x · Cited by 358
Pelvic floor ultrasound: a review
Dietz, H. P. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.018 · Cited by 276
DIETZ, H. P., FRANCO, A. V. M., SHEK, K. L., & KIRBY, A. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01315.x · Cited by 158
Dietz, H. P. (2008) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-008-0695-7 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- Kearney, R., Miller, J. M., Ashton-Miller, J. A., & DeLancey, J. O. L.
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-149
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031955173
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 13.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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