The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients*
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary care academic hospital. PATIENTS: Patients were 275 consecutive mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. INTERVENTIONS: We prospectively examined patients for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Delirium was categorized as "ever vs. never" and by a cumulative delirium severity index. Costs were determined from individual ledger-level patient charges using cost-center-specific cost-to-charge ratios and were reported in year 2001 U.S. dollars. Fifty-one of 275 patients (18.5%) had persistent coma and died in the hospital and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 224 patients, delirium developed in 183 (81.7%) and lasted a median of 2.1 (interquartile range, 1-3) days. Baseline demographics were similar between those with and without delirium. Intensive care unit costs (median, interquartile range) were significantly higher for those with at least one episode of delirium ($22,346, $15,083-$35,521) vs. those with no delirium ($13,332, $8,837-$21,471, p <.001). Total hospital costs were also higher in those who developed delirium ($41,836, $22,782-$68,134 vs. $27,106, $13,875-$37,419, p =.002). Higher severity and duration of delirium were associated with incrementally greater costs (all p <.001). After adjustment for age, comorbidity, severity of illness, degree of organ dysfunction, nosocomial infection, hospital mortality, and other potential confounders, delirium was associated with 39% higher intensive care unit (95% confidence interval, 12-72%) and 31% higher hospital (95% confidence interval, 1-70%) costs. CONCLUSIONS: Delirium is a common clinical event in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients and is associated with significantly higher intensive care unit and hospital costs. Future efforts to prevent or treat intensive care unit delirium have the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs of care.
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Cites
ASSESSMENT OF COMA AND IMPAIRED CONSCIOUSNESS
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Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases
DEYO, R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8 · Cited by 10,452
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., & Roth, M. (1968) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.114.512.797 · Cited by 4,117
Sessler, C. N., Gosnell, M. S., Grap, M. J., Brophy, G. M., O'Neal, P. V., Keane, K. A., Tesoro, E. P., & Elswick, R. K. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2107138 · Cited by 3,695
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Self-citationDelirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors
Dubois, M.-J., Bergeron, N., Dumont, M., Dial, S., & Skrobik, Y. (2001) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340101017 · Cited by 609 · cited 1×
“the incidence of delirium from a less severely ill ICU cohort in which delirium occurred in only 19% of patients (46), the estimated annual costs would still be in the range of $1.”
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Cited by
Pandharipande, P., Shintani, A., Peterson, J., Pun, B. T., Wilkinson, G. R., Dittus, R. S., Bernard, G. R., & Ely, E. W. (2006) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200601000-00005 · Cited by 1,238
Self-citationEngelman, D. T., Ben Ali, W., Williams, J. B., Perrault, L. P., Reddy, V. S., Arora, R. C., Roselli, E. E., Khoynezhad, A., Gerdisch, M., Levy, J. H., et al. (2019) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1153 · Cited by 1,225
One-Year Health Care Costs Associated With Delirium in the Elderly Population
Leslie, D. L. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2007.4 · Cited by 1,040
Neuropathogenesis of Delirium: Review of Current Etiologic Theories and Common Pathways
Maldonado, J. R. (2013) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.09.005 · Cited by 745
Delirium in the intensive care unit
Girard, T. D., Pandharipande, P. P., & Ely, E. W. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6149 · Cited by 622
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Metadata
- Authors
- Milbrandt, E. B., Deppen, S., Harrison, P. L., Shintani, A. K., Speroff, T., Stiles, R. A., Truman, B., Bernard, G. R., Dittus, R. S., & Ely, E. W.
- Venue
- Critical Care Medicine
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 955-962
- ISSN
- 0090-3493 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997328542
- Cited by
- 839
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 14.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Milbrandt, E. B., Deppen, S., Harrison, P. L., Shintani, A. K., Speroff, T., Stiles, R. A., Truman, B., Bernard, G. R., Dittus, R. S., & Ely, E. W. (2004). Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients*. Critical Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000119429.16055.92
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