Photopheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: current status
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is the overall name for a group of malignancies in which malignant T-lymphocytes localize at the skin. Of the current 20 recognized subtypes of the disease, the most common are mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), an immunomodulating procedure that treats pheresed blood with a photoactive agent, received US Food and Drug Administration approval in 1988 as a medical device for the treatment of CTCL patients, one of many treatment options for such patients. This was followed in 2003 by guidelines in the United Kingdom that recommended ECP for patients with advanced CTCL, particularly after skin-directed treatment options have failed. ECP is now under investigation for use in patients with earlier stages of CTCL. This article reviews the evolution of the ECP technique--for example, the most recent generation of the device requires a lower extracorporeal volume of blood than the previous version did, thus making it possible for more patients to be candidates for the procedure. In addition, there has been progress in understanding how ECP works at the cellular level.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Psoralen derivatives are used in photopheresis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and photoinactivation of pathogens in plasma and platelet components.
“Other applications of psoralen derivatives deal with the photopheresis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (156-158) and the photoinactivation of pathogens in plasma and platelet components (159,160).”
From Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions<sup>†</sup> (2012) · cites this paper as [157]
Cites
WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas
Willemze, R. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3502 · Cited by 3,803 · see citing works
Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma by Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy
Edelson, R. L., Berger, C. L., Gasparro, F. P., Jegasothy, B. V., HEALD, P. W., Wintroub, B. U., Vonderheid, E. C., Knobler, R., Wolff, K. S., Plewig, G., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702053160603 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Agar, N., Wedgeworth, E. K., Crichton, S. L., Mitchell, T. J., Cox, M., Ferreira, S., Robson, A., Calonje, E. J., Stefanato, C. M., Wain, E. M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.7665 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Olsen, E. A., Whittaker, S. J., Kim, Y. H., Duvic, M. A., Prince, H. M., Lessin, S. R., Wood, G. S., Willemze, R., Demierre, M., Pimpinelli, N., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.32.0630 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Long-term Outcome of 525 Patients With Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome
Kim, Y. H., Liu, H. L., Mraz‐Gernhard, S., Varghese, A., & Hoppe, R. T. (2003) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.139.7.857 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Incidence of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002
Criscione, V. D., & Weinstock, M. A. (2007) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.143.7.854 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Vonderheid, E. C., Bernengo, M. G., Burg, G., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.118538 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
EORTC consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome
Trautinger, F., Knobler, R., Willemze, R., Peris, K., Stadler, R., Laroche, L., D'Incan, M., Ranki, A., Pimpinelli, N., Ortiz-Romero, P. L., et al. (2006) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.025 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Kim, E. J., Hess, S. D., Richardson, S. K., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24826 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis of Mycosis Fungoides
Girardi, M., HEALD, P. W., & Wilson, L. D. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra032810 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Review and Current Concepts
Siegel, R. S., Pandolfino, T. L., Guitart, J., Rosen, S. T., & Kuzel, T. M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2000.18.15.2908 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Prognosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by skin stage: Long-term survival in 489 patients
Zackheim, H. S., Amin, S., Kashani–Sabet, M., et al. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70491-3 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Hwang, S. T., Janik, J. E., Jaffe, E. S., & Wilson, W. H. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60420-1 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome [see comments]
Diamandidou, E., Pr, C., & Kurzrock, R. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v88.7.2385.bloodjournal8872385 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with extracorporeal photochemotherapy
HEALD, P. W., Rook, A. H., Perez, M., et al. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0190-9622(92)70212-x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Whittaker, S. J., Marsden, J., Spittle, M. F., & Jones, R. R. (2003) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05698.x · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Gottlieb, S. L., Wolfe, J. T., Fox, F. E., DeNardo, B. J., Macey, W. H., Bromley, P. G., Lessin, S. R., & Rook, A. H. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90119-x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Scarisbrick, J. J., Taylor, P. C., Holtick, U., Makar, Y. F., Douglas, K., Berlin, G., Juvonen, E., Marshall, S. R., & on behalf of the Photopheresis Expert Group (2008) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08415.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Mao, X., Lillington, D. M., Scarisbrick, J. J., Mitchell, T. J., Czepulkowski, B. H., Russell‐Jones, R., Young, B. D., & Whittaker, S. J. (2002) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04966.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with photopheresis
Zic, J. A. (2003) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1396-0296.2003.01646.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationHow I treat mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Prince, H. M., Whittaker, S. J., & Hoppe, R. T. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-07-202895 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zic, J. A., Stricklin, G. P., Greer, J. P., Kinney, M. C., Shyr, Y., Wilson, D. C., & King, L. E. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90118-8 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationExtracorporeal photopheresis: Past, present, and future
Knobler, R., Barr, M. L., Couriel, D. R., Ferrara, J. L. M., French, L. E., Jaksch, P., Reinisch, W., Rook, A. H., Schwarz, T., & Greinix, H. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.039 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma With Combined Immunomodulatory Therapy
Suchin, K. R., Cucchiara, A. J., Gottleib, S. L., et al. (2002) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.138.8.1054 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Bernengo, M. G., Quaglino, P., Novelli, M., Cappello, N., Doveil, G. C., Lisa, F., Matteis, A. D., Fierro, M. T., & Appino, A. (1998) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1008397323199 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Extracorporeal photopheresis and interferon-α in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Dippel, E., Schrag, H.-J., Goerdt, S., & Orfanos, C. E. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66242-3 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Sézary Syndrome
Fraser-Andrews, E. A., Seed, P. T., Whittaker, S. J., & Russell‐Jones, R. (1998) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.134.8.1001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Rook, A. H. (1991) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.127.10.1535 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
HY Disparity Influences Outcomes of HLA-Matched Unrelated Allo-HSCT.
Markiewicz, M., Siekiera, U., Mietla, M. D., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v114.22.4337.4337 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
High-scatter T cells: a reliable biomarker for malignant T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Clark, R. A., Shackelton, J. B., Watanabe, R., Calarese, A. W., Yamanaka, K.-I., Campbell, J. J., Teague, J. E., Kuo, H. P., Hijnen, D., & Kupper, T. S. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-05-287664 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Rook, A. H. (1991) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1991.01680090099012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Extracorporeal Photopheresis and Recombinant Interferon Alfa 2b in Sezary Syndrome
Vonderheid, E. C., Bigler, R. D., Greenberg, A. S., Neukum, S. J., & Micaily, B. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/00000421-199406000-00016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Psoralen Plus Long-Wave UV-A (PUVA) and Bexarotene Therapy
McGinnis, K. S., Shapiro, M., Vittorio, C. C., et al. (2003) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.139.6.771 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Multicenter Photopheresis Intervention Trial in Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides
Talpur, R., Demierre, M., Geskin, L. J., Baron, E. D., Pugliese, S. B., Eubank, K. V., Zic, J. A., Miller, D. R., Tharp, M. D., Bohjanen, K. A., et al. (2011) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2011.03.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationExtracorporeal photochemotherapy for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: a 9.7‐year experience
Jiang, S. B., Dietz, S. B., Kim, M., & Lim, H. W. (1999) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.1999.tb00077.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Extracorporeal photopheresis in Sézary syndrome
Russell‐Jones, R., Fraser-Andrews, E. A., Spittle, M. F., & Whittaker, S. J. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62067-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
High Clinical Response Rate with Multimodality Immunomodulatory Therapy for Sézary Syndrome
Richardson, S. K., Lin, J. H., Vittorio, C. C., et al. (2006) · Clinical Lymphoma & Myeloma · doi:10.3816/clm.2006.n.063 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Photopheresis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Five-Year Experience
Crovetti, G., Carabelli, A., Berti, E., Guizzardi, M. T., Fossati, S., Filippo, C. D., & Bertani, E. (2000) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/039139880002300109 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Circulating CD4+CD7− Lymphocyte Burden and Rapidity of Response
Stevens, S. R., Baron, E. D., Masten, S., et al. (2002) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.138.10.1347 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bisaccia, E., Vonderheid, E. C., & Geskin, L. J. (2009) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09081.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Voss, C. Y., Fry, T. J., Coppes, M. J., & Blajchman, M. A. (2009) · Transfusion Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2009.09.008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bouwhuis, S. A., Davis, M. D. P., el‐Azhary, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.055 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cohen, J. H. (1993) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1993.01680300143034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ferenczi, K., Yawalkar, N., Jones, D. A., & Kupper, T. S. (2003) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.139.7.909 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The role of phototherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Pothiawala, S. Z., Baldwin, B. T., Cherpelis, B. S., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Shapiro, M., Rook, A. H., Lehrer, M. S., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124816 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Extracorporeal photopheresis: Lighting the way to immunomodulation
Babic, A. M. (2008) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.21166 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Photopheresis does not improve survival in Sézary syndrome patients with bone marrow involvement
de Misa, R. F., Harto, A., Defez, J. M. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.12.026 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in long-term treatment of early stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Rubegni, P., Aloe, G. D., & Fimiani, M. (2000) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03857.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Glass, L. F., Keller, K. L., Messina, J. L., et al. (1998) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327489800500101 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bouwhuis, S. A., el‐Azhary, R. A., Gibson, L. E., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124069 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bagazgoitia, L., Pérez‐Carmona, L., Ríos, L., et al. (2007) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02341.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sustained remission of Sézary syndrome.
Bouwhuis, S. A., McEvoy, M. T., & Davis, M. D. P. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions<sup>†</sup>
Cadet, J., Mouret, S., Ravanat, J., & Douki, T. (2012) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01200.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zic, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zic, John A.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Oncology
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- Supplement 1
- Pages
- S1-S10
- ISSN
- 1040-8746 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2318889189
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Therakos
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- extracorporeal photopheresis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, immunomodulation, treatment guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Skin Neoplasms, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous, Photopheresis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
