Phenomenology of depression in young girls
Abstract
Objective To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, the overlap between caregiver and child report, the association between depression and anxiety, and the relationship between symptoms of depression and impairment in young girls.Method Participants in the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a community sample of 2,451 girls aged 5-8 years old and their primary caregivers were interviewed in 2000-2001 using the Child Symptom Inventory and the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire to measure depression, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders to measure anxiety, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale to measure impairment.Results Less than 1% of 5- to 8-year-old girls had five or more symptoms of major depression according to the caregiver report. Individual differences in symptom counts and depression scores by caregiver and child report were observed. Agreement between caregivers and girls on depression symptoms was low, with only 2% of the variance in caregiver-reported depression on the Child Symptom Inventory being accounted for by child report on the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire. The level of association between depression and anxiety scores suggested that these constructs are associated but relatively independent in young girls. Both caregiver report and child report of depressive symptoms were uniquely associated with impairment ratings.Conclusions Although major depression appears to be rare among 5- to 8-year-old girls, continuous measures of depressive symptoms yield significant individual differences that are associated with impairment. Thus, preliminary evidence suggests that depressive symptoms can be validly measured in 5- to 8-year-old girls.
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There are data pointing to a relatively low level of agreement between parents and children on depressive symptoms.
“There are also data pointing to a relatively low level of agreement between parents and children.47,48”
From Subthreshold Symptoms of Depression in Preadolescent Girls Are Stable and Predictive of Depressive Disorders (2008) · cites this paper as [47]
There are data to support the validity of preadolescent girls' reports of depressive symptoms.
“In the present study, the focus was on child-reported depressive symptoms, and there are data to support the validity of preadolescent girls’ reports of depressive symptoms.46,47”
From Subthreshold Symptoms of Depression in Preadolescent Girls Are Stable and Predictive of Depressive Disorders (2008) · cites this paper as [47]
In the Pittsburgh Girls Study, only 2% of the variance in caregiver-reported depression symptoms was accounted for by child report of depression symptoms.
“For example, in the Pittsburgh Girls Study, only 2% of the variance in caregiver-reported depression symptoms was accounted for by child report of depression symptoms.47”
From Subthreshold Symptoms of Depression in Preadolescent Girls Are Stable and Predictive of Depressive Disorders (2008) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- KEENAN, K., HIPWELL, A., DUAX, J., STOUTHAMER-LOEBER, M., & LOEBER, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- KEENAN, KATE
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1098-1106
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076660165
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066167, R01MH056630)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- childhood depression, depressive symptoms, young girls, preschool children, caregiver reports, child report, comorbid depression and anxiety, functional disability, prevalence, Pittsburgh Girls Study, Children's Global Assessment Scale
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Mass Screening, Pennsylvania, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, Poverty, Psychometrics, Sampling Studies
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