The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MODELING THE ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ASTRONAUTS FROM EXPOSURE TO LARGE SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS
Abstract
Radiation exposure from Solar Particle Events (SPE) presents a significant health concern for astronauts for exploration missions outside the protection of the Earth's magnetic field, which could impair their performance and result in the possibility of failure of the mission. Assessing the potential for early radiation effects under such adverse conditions is of prime importance. Here we apply a biologically based mathematical model that describes the dose- and time-dependent early human responses that constitute the prodromal syndromes to consider acute risks from SPEs. We examine the possible early effects on crews from exposure to some historically large solar events on lunar and/or Mars missions. The doses and dose rates of specific organs were calculated using the Baryon radiation transport (BRYNTRN) code and a computerized anatomical man model, while the hazard of the early radiation effects and performance reduction were calculated using the Radiation-Induced Performance Decrement (RIPD) code. Based on model assumptions we show that exposure to these historical events would cause moderate early health effects to crew members inside a typical spacecraft or during extra-vehicular activities, if effective shielding and medical countermeasure tactics were not provided. We also calculate possible even worse cases (double intensity, multiple occurrences in a short period of time, etc.) to estimate the severity, onset and duration of various types of early illness. Uncertainties in the calculation due to limited data on relative biological effectiveness and dose-rate modifying factors for protons and secondary radiation, and the identification of sensitive sites in critical organs are discussed.
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“Occasional periods of high energy particle flux from the sun, known as SPEs, can result in sufficiently high radiation doses to cause the symptoms of acute radiation sickness (ARS) in astronauts outside the protection of Earth's geomagnetic field, as well as threaten mission success [27].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Using the historical August 1972 SPE, the estimated doses that an astronaut could receive would be 3215 cGy to the skin and 138.4 cGy-equivalent (cGy-eq) to the blood forming organs during EVA [27].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“During extravehicular activities without this protection, an astronaut could receive 32 Gy of radiation to the skin and 2 Gy to the bone marrow during a strong SPE [27], [29].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, S., Kim, M.-H. Y., McClellan, G. E., & Cucinotta, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Universities Space Research Association (US)
- Applied Research Associates (United States) (US)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Shaowen
- Kim, Myung-Hee Y.
- Venue
- Health Physics
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 465-476
- ISSN
- 0017-9078 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064540451
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Physics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
- NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- solar energetic particle events, astronaut radiation exposure, acute radiation effects, spacecraft shielding, lunar and Mars missions, extravehicular activity, relative biological effectiveness, secondary radiation, protons
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Male, Radiation Dosage, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Occupational Exposure, Astronauts, Solar Activity
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